Responses of bone turnover markers and bone mineral density to growth hormone therapy in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is an important cause of decreased bone mass in childhood and adolescence. The role of other pituitary hormone deficiencies on bone mass is still a query in children. Thirty-nine children (28 with isolated GHD IGHD] and 11 with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency MPHD]) were investigated to show the effects of IGHD vs MPHD on bone status. Bone turnover markers (calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase ALP] Bone ALP BALP], osteocalcin OSC], carboxyterminal propeptide of type-1 collagen CPP-I], parathyroid hormone PTH]) were measured before and every four months during growth hormone (GH) therapy; bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was measured before and every six months during therapy. All bone turnover markers except calcium and PTH increased significantly during 1 year of GH therapy. There were no differences in the levels of bone turnover markers between children with IGHD and MPHD at baseline, and after 4, 8 and 12 months of therapy. Lumbar spine BMD SDS of all patients increased significantly during 1 year of therapy (p = 0.035 after 6 months and p <0.001 after 12 months compared with baseline). BMD SDS of both IGHD and MPHD groups were similar at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of therapy (p = 0.235, p = 0.295 and p = 0.384). Height SDS (HtSDS) at baseline was the most important predictor of baseline BMD SDS in children with GHD (t = 4.166, p <0.001). DeltaHtSDS was also positively related to deltaBMD SDS after 1 year of GH therapy. In conclusion, there was no difference in bone status of the patients with IGHD and MPHD at baseline. GH therapy yielded similar increases in bone mass in both groups. Increase in height contributed to increase in BMD during 1 year of GH therapy.