Cardiac damage in hypertensive patients with inverse white coat hypertension. Hospitalet study

BACKGROUND: Few studies have assessed the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and cardiac damage in essential hypertensive patients with inverse white coat hypertension (IWCH). OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of IWCH in untreated grade 1-2 hypertension and to assess possible differences in cardiac damage among patients with IWCH, white coat hypertension (WCH) and the rest of patients with grade 1-2 hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and eleven patients with grade 1-2 hypertension were sequentially included. A good quality 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring was obtained in 204 patients (age: 41 +/- 12 years, 56% males). IWCH was defined as a daytime systolic and/or diastolic BP higher than diagnostic office systolic and/or diastolic BP, respectively. WCH was defined as a daytime BP < 135/85 mmHg. A good quality echocardiogram was obtained in 174 patients. We considered left ventricular hypertrophy a left ventricular mass index (LVMI) > or = 125 g/m2. RESULTS: We found IWCH in 29 subjects (14%), and WCH in 68 (33%). Office BP in patients with IWCH was in an intermediate position between WCH and the rest of grade 1-2 hypertension patients. The IWCH patients showed 24-h, daytime and night-time BP higher than the other groups. Left ventricular mass was significantly greater in patients with IWCH than in the other grade 1-2 hypertension patients after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking and office BP (regression coefficient 28.14, 95%CI: 7.36-48.91). CONCLUSION: IWCH is independently associated with higher values of left ventricular mass in patients with grade 1-2 hypertension.