北京市公务员以控烟和体重控制为核心的健康干预措施制定及效果评价

目的 评价公务员人群综合健康干预措施的效果,为公务员人群健康干预措施制定提供依据.方法 在北京市西城区、朝阳区、丰台区选取4家行政机关开展为期2年的健康干预,采用干预前后自身对照的方法,研究公务员人群健康干预措施的效果.结果 4家干预单位均按照干预方案的要求开展了干预活动.干预前共调查公务员588人,干预后共调查公务员568人.干预人群对于吸烟的危害（68.20％ vs 87.15％）、二手烟的危害（10.03％ vs 30.46％）、盐摄入量（41.50％ vs 50.88％）、油摄入量（23.13％ vs 39.26％）、锻炼强度（64.12％ vs 73.06％）等健康相关知识的知晓率较干预前有了显著提升（P＜0.05）;干预人群超重肥胖的发生率、吸烟率、吸二手烟率由干预前的49.32％、30.78％和39.39％降低为干预后39.43％、24.47％和25.88％,吸烟和超重肥胖的干预效果显著（P＜0.05）.在饮食方面,干预人群不按时吃饭（6.80％ vs 2.82％）和从不/偶尔饮用乳制品（48.13％ vs 38.03％）的比例显著下降（P＜0.05）.在运动方面,干预人群的锻炼频次、参加工间操的频率以及每使用电脑1h休息一次的比例均明显上升（P＜0.05）.在睡眠方面,调查对象睡眠时间超过7h的比例显著上升（64.79％ vs75.88％） （P＜0.05）,睡眠质量显著改善（P＜0.05）.在预防保健方面,调查对象主动参加体检（78.74％ vs 84.15％）、测血压和测血脂的比例明显升高（P＜0.05）.结论 干预后公务员健康知识知晓率显著上升、吸烟和超重肥胖率显著下降,表明北京市公务员人群健康干预措施是有效的,具有很好的推广意义.

Effect evaluation of health intervention on tobacco and weight control among civil servants in Beijing

Objective To evaluate effect of health intervention among civil servants in Beijing. Methods 4 ad- ministrative units in Xicheng District, Chaoyang District and Fengtai District were selected and intervention activity was car- ried out for 2 years. By using method of self-control before-after study, effect of intervention was evaluated. Results 588 persons were investigated before the intervention. After intervention, 568 persons were surveyed. Compared to before inter- vention, the rates of awareness about harm of smoking （68.20% vs 87.15% ）, dangerous of second hand smoking （ 10. 03% vs 30. 46% ）, salt-intake （41.50% vs 50. 88% ）, oil-intake （23.13% vs 39. 26% ）, exercise （64. 12% vs 73.06% ） were increased significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ） after intervention. The incidence rates of overweight and obesity, smok- ing, secondhand smoking in intervention group were decreased from 49. 32%, 30. 78% and 39.39% to 39.43%, 24.47% and 25.88% （P 〈 0. 05） , respectively. On heahhy diet, the percentages of who did not eat on time （6. 80% vs 2. 82% ） and who never/occasional drinking milk products decreased significantly （48.13% vs 38. 03% ） （P 〈 0. 05 ）. On sports, the frequencies of doing exercise, work-break exercise and having a break every one hour among investigators were increased significantly （ P 〈 O. 05 ）. In aspects of sleep, the proportions of sleeping more than 7 hours were increased （64.79% vs75.88%） （P〈0.05） and sleeping quality were improved （P〈0.05） in all respondents. In preventive care, the percentage of who actively took physical examination （78. 74% vs 84. 15% ）, blood pressure and blood lipid were significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The awareness rate of health knowledge and formation rate of good health habits were improved significantly after intervention. The intervention activity was effective and worth to popularization.