北京市职业人群健康状况自评及其影响因素研究

目的 了解北京市职业人群的健康状况,探讨其健康状况的影响因素.方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法,在北京市选取了4个城区,每区选择1～2家单位,共选取6家单位,对单位内18 ～60岁职工进行调查.结果 本次研究共调查1898人.调查对象健康状况自评总分为75.86±11.82（生理分40.43 ±6.57,心理分25.58±4.40,社会适应得分9.94±1.78）.不同职业比较,公务员人群和科技人员的健康状况得分（分别为75.19±11.70和75.48±11.27）低于企业人员（78.36±12.49）;生活方式分析显示,饮酒、锻炼、睡眠与健康状况得分之间存在关联（P＜0.05）.多元线性回归分析结果显示,职业、年龄（t=-3.935,P＜0.01）、人均收入（t=3.233,P＜0.01）、睡眠（t=22.201,P＜0.01）和锻炼（t=14.240,P＜0.01）是健康状况良好与否的影响因素.结论 在职业人群中开展有针对性的健康教育和健康促进活动,提升其健康水平.

Study on self-rated health status and its influencing factors among occupational populations in Beijing

Objective To understand self-rated health status and find out its influencing factors among occupation- al populations in Beijing. Methods With multi-stage stratified sampling, 4 regions were selected in Beijing and one or two units were randomly selected from each region. At last, 6 units were enrolled and all of staffs in aged 18 - 60 years old each unite were surveyed. Results 1898 persons were investigated. The average score of self-rated health in all respondents was （75.86 ＋ 11.82）, composed of physical health （40. 43± 6. 57）, mental health （25.58 ± 4. 40）, social health sub- scales （9. 94 ±1.78 ）. In 3 kinds of occupational groups, the average score of enterprise personnel （78.36± 12. 49 ） was higher than those of civil servants （ 75.19± 11.70 ） and technical personnel （ 75.48± 11.27 ）. Lifestyle analysis showed that drinking, exercise, sleep were associated with score of self-rated health. The result of multi-analysis showed occupa- tion, age （t= -3.935, P〈0.01）, per capita income （t=3.233, P〈0.01）, exercise （t=14.240, P〈0.01） and sleep （ t = 22. 201, P 〈 0.01 ） were influencing factors of self-rated health. Conclusion Targeted health education and health promotion activities should be enhanced in occupational populations in order to help them establish health habits.