中国 6 省糖尿病患者糖尿病防治素养现状及影响因素研究

目的了解我国糖尿病患者糖尿病防治健康素养水平及其影响因素，探索提高糖尿病患者健康素养的策略和措施。方法按照经济水平和地域划分，在东、中、西部分别选择浙江、江苏、山西、河南、云南、青海6省作为调查省份。每个省选择1个地级市，每个市选择2～3家三甲医院，采用方便抽样，对门诊和住院的糖尿病患者进行调查。采用中国健康教育中心编制的《中国糖尿病患者糖尿病防治素养调查问卷》进行调查。结果共调查糖尿病患者639人，具备糖尿病防治素养的比例为13.9％；女性具备糖尿病防治素养的比例为18.1％，高于男性的10.0％（P〈0.05）；大专及以上文化程度者具备糖尿病防治素养的比例最高，为20.0％，中学文化程度者居中，为15.8％，小学及以下文化程度者最低，为7.0％（P〈0.05）。具备糖尿病防治素养的比例在不同年龄组、家庭年收入、患病年限、家族史、并发症组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示：以男性为参照组，女性具备糖尿病防治素养的比例较高，OR值为2.685（95％CI：1.645～4.382）；以小学文化程度人群为参照组，中学、大专及以上文化程度人群具备糖尿病防治素养的比例较高，OR值分别为3.062（95％CI：1.606～5.840）和5.116（95％C1：2.344～11.167）。结论我国糖尿病患者糖尿病防治素养水平较低，男性、文化程度较低患者是糖尿病健康教育干预的重点人群。

Study on diabetes related health literacy and its influencing factors among patients with diabetes in 6 provinces in China

Objective To understand the status of diabetes related health literacy and its influencing factors among patients with diabetes in 6 provinces in China, and explore the strategy and measure to improve their health literacy. Methods 6 provinces including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Henan, Yunan, Qinghai were selected from east, central and west regions in China, and 1 prefecture-level city was selected from each province, 2 or 3 hospitals were selected in each sample city, and then using convenience sampling the patients with diabetes in the sample hospitals were investigated with a questionnaire about diabetes related health literacy. Results 639 patients with diabetes were investigated, and 89 of them （13.9%） had satisfied diabetes health literacy. The proportion of having satisfied health literacy in female （18. 1% ） was significantly higher than that in male （10.0% ） （P 〈 0.05 ）. The proportion of having satisfied health literacy in patients with college level （20.0% ） was significantly higher than those with middle school level （15.8%） , and those with primary school level （7. 0% , P 〈0.05）. Percentages of satisfied health literacy in different status of age groups, family income, years with diabetes, family history, and complication was not found significant difference （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Multi-logistic regression showed that ： the female had higher health literacy proportion than the male （OR = 2. 685, 95% CI： 1. 645 -4.382） ; comparing with the patients with primary school level, the patients with middle school level and college level had higher health literacy proportion （ OR = 3.062, 95% CI： 1.606 -5.840; OR =5.116, 95% CI： 2.344 - 11.167）. Conclusion The level of diabetes health liter- acy of patients with diabetes was low in China, male and the patients with low education level should be the key population of diabetes health education.