砂仁产地与品种变迁的研究

目的：为弄清砂仁药材种植的历代和现状。方法：查阅历代文献，深入实施调查访问，综合分析，结果：历史所载砂仁，含国产品和进口品，国产品素来以广东阳春为主产区，后引种到阳春周边县市及广西、云南、福建等地。90年代末期，砂仁主要地由广东转至云南省。进口品产自东南亚的越南、缅甸、泰国、老挝等国。国产砂仁主要品种为姜科植物阳春砂Amomum villoum Lour.,后发现有绿壳砂A.villosum Lour.var.xanthioides(Wall.ex Bak.)T.L.Wu et Senjen和海南砂A.longiligulare T.L.Wu。云南省主流品种从广东阳春引种的阳春砂A.villosum Lour.进口品种特指绿壳砂A.villosum var xanthioides (Wall.ex Bak.)T.L.Wu et Senjen。结论古今所用砂仁产地与品种变化较大，国产品与进口并存，国产砂仁主为云南省，主流品种为从广东阳春引种的今用砂仁产地与品种变化较大，国产品与进口品并存，国产砂仁主要地云南省，主流品种从从广东阳春引种的阳春砂A.villosum。

Studies on vicissitudes of Amomum L. and its production area

Object To trace the historic changes and the present status in the cultivation of Amomum villosum Lour Methods By literature retrieval, on the spot field study and interviewing vetern herbalists Results According to historic records, commercial species of Amomun L. consisted of both native and imported products The main source of the native product was from Yangchun, Guangdong Province, which gradually extended to its vicinal cities and thereafter to localities as far as Guangxi, Yunnan and Fujian Provinces Until the late 90 s, the main production area was finally transferred from Guangdong to Yunnan The imported products came from Southeastern Asian countries including Viet Nam, Burma, Thailand and Laos Before the 50 s, the main commercial product was A villosum, later new species such as A villosum Lour. var xanthioides (Wall. ex Bak.) T L Wu et Senjen and A longiligulare T L Wu were discovered Currently, the main product from Yunnan is A villosum originated from Yangchun The A villosum var xanthioides is particularly referred as the imported goods Conclusion Time has brought great changes to the production and use of A villosum At present, both domestic and foreign products are in current use The main source of domestic product is from Yunnan, originated from Yangchun