营养指导对糖尿病合并妊娠患者及胎儿的发育影响分析

目的探讨营养指导对糖尿病合并妊娠患者及胎儿的发育影响。方法选择2010年6月至2013年1月在深圳市南山区妇幼保健院确诊为糖尿病合并妊娠患者138例,随机分为营养指导组68例和常规饮食组70例,营养指导组给予医学营养指导,常规饮食组给予常规饮食指导,观察两组妊娠结局及胎儿的发育情况。结果营养指导组糖化血红蛋白水平、脂联素水平低于常规饮食组(P0.05);妊娠期高血压疾病、泌尿道感染、酮症酸中毒、低血糖、羊水过多、难产、流产和孕妇死亡的发生率均低于常规饮食组(P0.05)。营养指导组胎儿中先天性畸形、巨大儿、低血钙症、窒息和胎儿窘迫的发生率均低于常规饮食组(P0.05)。结论科学合理的营养指导能改善糖尿病合并妊娠患者的营养状况,促进胎儿的健康发育,并降低母婴并发症的发生率。

The analysis of nutrition guidance on pregnant women with pre -gestational diabetes and fetal development

Objective To discuss the influence of nutrition guidance on pregnant women with pre - gestational diabetes and fetal development. Methods 138 pregnant women with pre - gestational diabetes were selected in Nanshan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2010 to January 2013, which were randomly divided into the nutritional guidance group （68 cases ）, treated by medical nutrition guidance, and routine diet group （70 cases）, treated by conventional dietary guidance. The outcome of pregnancy and fetal development in the two groups were observed. Results The level of glycated hemoglobin and adiponectin in nutritional guidance group were lower than routine diet group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The incidences of pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome, urinary tract infection, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, polyhydranmios, dystocia, abortion and death in nutritional guidance group were lower than routine diet group （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The incidences of congenital malformation, macrosomia, hypocalcemia, asphyxia and fetal distress in nutritional guidance group were lower than routine diet group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion A scientific and rational nutrition guidance can improve the nutriture of pregnant women with pre - gestational diabetes, promote the healthy development of fetus and reduce the incidence of the complications of mothers and infants.