四川省城乡孕妇叶酸服用现状及城乡差异分析

目的了解四川省城乡孕妇叶酸服用情况,发现叶酸普及工作中的城乡差别及各自工作的重点、难点,为进一步完善全省出生缺陷一级预防工作提供参考依据。方法随机抽取四川省6个市(成都、内江、乐山、南充、眉山、自贡),由上述地区的妇幼保健院和计划生育机构分别对城市和农村的孕期妇女进行调查。结果发放调查问卷1 200份(城乡各600份),回收有效问卷1 179份,回收率98.25%。1 179名孕妇中,曾服用过叶酸1 015名(86.09%),孕前即开始服用者仅316人(31.14%)。从服用的依从性来看,坚持每天服用叶酸920人(78.05%),城市略高于农村(P0.05)。是否计划内怀孕、是否知道叶酸的作用和医生是否推荐对城乡孕妇能否正确服用叶酸均有影响(P0.05);年龄、家庭人均月收入对城市孕妇服用叶酸有显著性影响(P0.05);是否知道叶酸的发放地点对农村孕妇服用叶酸有显著性影响(P0.05)。结论四川省城乡孕妇叶酸服用率仍有待提高,根据城乡差异的特点有针对性加大宣传实施力度,在扩大覆盖面的同时,加强正确服用叶酸知识的宣传。

Analysis on folic acid usage status of pregnancy women in Sichuan province and rural- urban differences

Objective To investigate folic acid usage status of pregnancy women in Sichuan province and urban- rural differences, to explore the key and difficult points during the process of popularizing folic acid usage, to provide reference for birth defects in primary prevention. Methods Six cities in Sichuan （ Chengdu, Neijiang, Leshan, Nanchong, Meishan and Zigong）were randomized selected, 1 200 pregnant women in maternal and child health care institutions and family planning service institutions in these cities were investigated. Results 1 200 questionnaires were investigated （600 for urban areas and 600 for rural areas） , 1 179 effective questionnaires were collected with recovery rate of 98.25%. In 1 179 pregnant women, 1 015 cases had taken folic acid, only 31.14% had taken folic acid before pregnancy. 920 cases （78. 05% ） insisted on taking folic acid every day, the rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Influencing factors of folic acid usage for both urban and rural areasinclude： whether pregnancy was intended, cognition of effects of folic acid and recommendation from doctors; Influencing factors of folic acid usage for urban areas include： age, the family per capita monthly income （P 〈 0.05 ） ; Influencing factors of folic acid usage for urban areas include ： awareness of distribution location of folic acid （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The rate of folic acid taking need to be improved, the health sectors need to make efforts to intensify propaganda implementation and enhance the awareness of folic acid taking of pregnant women according to characteristics of urban - rural differences.