抗精神病药物在维持治疗中对心电图影响的分析

目的：探讨抗精神病药物在慢性精神病患者维持治疗中对心电图的影响。方法：用自编的《住院精神病患者心电图异常调查表》对本院长期住院患者进行调查，对入组患者行十二导联心电图检查。根据检测结果对心电图异常发生率，服用和未服用抗精神病药物，药物的种类、剂量等因素进行统计分析。结果：本组患者599人中，其中心电异常人数229人，占38．23％。服用抗精神病药物者469人，有心电异常者187（占31．22％）；未服抗精神病药物者130人，有心电异常者42人（占7．01％），两者差异有显著性（P值〈0．05）。心电异常发生率最高的为：传导阻滞、窦性心动过速、T波改变。药物种类中以氯氮平组发生心电异常率最高70例（占40．70％），氯丙嗪组次之为86例（占39．27％），奋乃静组14例（占32．56％），利培酮组17例（占30．36％）。抗精神病药物剂量的大小与心电图异常间的差异无统计学意义（P值〉0．05）。结论：抗精神病药物在精神病维持治疗中对心电图的影响是很常见的，与剂量的大小无关，利培酮和奋乃静对心电图影响小于氯氮平、氯丙嗪。

Electrocardiogram changes in psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotics

Objective：To investigate the effects of antipsychotics on electrocardiogram （ ECG ） changes in psychiatric pa- tients. Methods ： The ECG of patients with antipsychotics were collected and the kinds of antipsychotics were compared. Results： A to- tal of 599 patients were evaluated. There were 229（ 38.23% ） patients with abnormal ECG, and conduction block was the most com- mon abnormal change, followed by tachycardia and T - wave changes. The abnormal ECG rates of clozapine, chloropromazine, chlor- perphenazine and risperidone were 40.70%, 39.27%, 32.56% and 30.36% , respectively. For all agents, there was no dose - re- sponse relationship for ECG changes. Conclusions： The ECG changes are common in patients with antipsychotics. The abnormal rate was lower in patients with risperidone and chlorperphenazine than others.