枕动脉的临床解剖学

在44例成人头颅材料上对枕动脉走行分三段调查.第一段位于颈动脉三角内.长2.9±0.4cm,分出脑膜支、肌支;第二段位于胸锁乳突肌和头夹肌深面,长5.8±0.5cm,分出乳突支、耳支、降支、颅后支,第三段是枕动脉浅出点至上横线的头皮支.长11.7±1.3cm,一般分为Ⅱ主支型(占75%).枕动脉起始部外径3.1±0.2mm;浅出点(A点)外径2.8±0.4mm;头皮支的B点外径2.1±0.2mm、C点1.7±0.4mm、D点2.0±0.3mm 、E点1.6±0.4mm.对头皮支的分型分布提出了体表定位方法.结合临床颅内、外动脉吻合术和动脉逆行插管术的应用进行了讨论.

Clinical Anatomy of the Occipital Artery

We have studied the distribution of the occipital arteries on the craniums of 44 adult cadavers , the were divided into three sections. The first section is located in the carotid triangle, about 2. 9±0. 4cm long, giving off the meaningeal and muscle branches. The second section is located in the deep part between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the splenius capitis, about 5. 8±0.5cm long, having the mastoid process, auricular, descent and post cranial branches. The third section is the scalp branch goes through the superficial dot of the occipital artery to the superior transverse line, about 11. 7±0.3cm, most of this section belong to the second main-stem type (about 75%). The external diameter of the original section of the occipital artery is 3. 1±0. 2mm, the superficial dot (A dot) 2. 8±.0 4mm, B dot of the scalp branch 2.1±0. 2mm, C about 1. 7±0. 4mm, Dabout 2.0±0. 3mm, E about 1. 6 ±0. 4mm. We put forward a kind of method for locating the body surface of the scalp branch. We also discussed the clinical use of this artery in extra-intra cranial anastomosis and the arterial reverse intubation.