2004-2007年甘肃省秦安县地方性氟中毒监测分析

目的 掌握甘肃省秦安县地方性氟中毒病情动态变化及防治措施落实进度,为制订地方性氟中毒防治策略提供依据.方法 2004-2007年调查甘肃省秦安县降氟改水落实情况及工程质量,并选择秦安县安伏乡安伏村为病情监测点,采集水源水和居民饮用水水样,采集8～12岁儿童尿样,水、尿氟测定用离子选择电极法,检查8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况,氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法.结果 截至2007年,秦安县地方性氟中毒病区村已全部改水,正常使用的改水工程占81.15%(99/122),停用、报废的工程占18.85%(23/122).2004-2007年监测的改水工程数分别为24、81、9、8个,其中2004年水氟为>1.0～2.0 mg/L的工程有13个:2005年水氟为>1.0～2.0 mg/L的工程有15个,>2.0～4.0 mg/L的工程有5个:2006年水氟为>1.0～2.0mg/L的工程有2个;各年度均无水氟>4.0 mg/L的改水工程.2006和2007年安伏村水源水和居民户饮用水含氟量均在1.0 mg/L以下.2004-2007年儿童尿氟均≥1.5 mg/L,儿童恒牙氟斑牙检m率平均为34.47%(354/1027),氟斑牙指数为0.65.结论 甘肃省秦安县降氟改水工程报废和水氟超标现象较普遍,儿童氟斑牙病情尚未达到控制标准.

Endemic fluorosis surveillance in Qinan County of Gansu Province from 2004 to 2007: an outcome analysis

Objective To investigate the prevalence of endemic fluorosis and the progress acchieved through control measures in Taian County of Gansu Province so as to provide basis and technique support for endemic fluorosis control. Methods The survey was carried out according to the National Surveillance Scheme of Endemic Fluorosis. Fulfillment of control measures and the quality of water improving projects were surveyed. Samples of household water and urine in children aged 8-12 years were collected and fluoride content was detected by iron selective electrode method. Children's dental fluorosis were examined with Dean method. Results In Qinan County, water was improved in a rate of 100%. In water-improving and defluoridation projects investigated, 81.15% (99/122) projects worked well, 18.85% (23/122) projects were closed or abandoned. The number of water improvement projects monitored were 24,81,9,8,respectively in the year through 2004 to 2007, revealing 13 projects having water fluorine content(>1.0-2.0 mg/L) in 2004, 15 and 5 projects having water fluorine content higher that 1.0-2.0 and 2.0-4.0 mg/L respectively in 2005, 2 projects having water fluorine content(>1.0-2.0 mg/L) in 2006, and no projects above 4.0 mg/L. In Anfu Village, the fluorine content of source and drinking water were all below 1.0 mg/L in 2006 and 2007. The urinary fluoride content of 8-12 years old children was equal and higher than 1.5 mg/L, dental fluorosis rate was 34.47% (354/1027), and dental fluorosis index was 0.65 in 2004-2007. Conclusions Projects running out of status and excessive levels of water fluorine are frequently seen, dental fluorosis is not controlled in Taian County of Gansu Province