A meta-analysis provides evidence that prenatal smoking exposure decreases age at menarche |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China;2. Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, Al Maather, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Avenue S, CCC-1121 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2675;2. Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;3. Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;2. Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;3. Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health and Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;1. MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;2. Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;3. School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;1. INBIOMED-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas (CEDIE), Dr. C. Bergadá. CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba, PR, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Since studies of association between prenatal tobacco exposure and age at menarche have reported inconsistent results so far, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine this association. In total 36 relevant articles (1995–2014) were identified, 17 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria and were used in the analysis. Nearly one month decrease (−0.092 [95% CI:−0.160, −0.024] year) in age at menarche was found in women who were exposed to tobacco in utero. The meta-regression analysis showed that average year of birth in the cohorts might significantly influence association between maternal smoking and daughter’s age at menarche. Based on results obtained from 5 studies where age at menarche was treated as a categorical variable, maternal smoking status during pregnancy increased a risk for daughters to have menarche earlier than at 11 years old by 15%. |
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| Keywords: | Age at menarche Prenatal exposure Tobacco smoking Meta-analysis |
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