Associations of physical activity with fatness and fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome: The UP&DOWN study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain;2. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA;1. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain;2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;3. PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;4. Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;5. Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain;6. Research Center, Faculty of Education, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile;1. Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Gatineau, Canada;2. Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Saint-Jérôme, Canada;3. Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada;4. School of Education, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia;5. Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada;6. School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada;7. Research Center, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) du Nord-de-l''Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada;1. Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;2. National Miaoli Special School, Miaoli, Taiwan;3. Center for General Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of objectively measured physical activity (PA) with several markers of fatness and fitness in a relatively large sample of adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). This study comprised a total of 100 adolescents with DS (37 females) aged 11–20 years-old, and a sex-matched sample of 100 adolescents without disabilities, participating in the UP&DOWN study. The ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for adolescents was used to assess fatness and fitness. PA was measured by accelerometry. Adolescents with DS had higher fatness and significantly lower fitness levels in all variables measured than adolescents without DS (all p < 0.05). Moderate-to-large effects were observed in fatness variables (d = 0.65–1.42), but particularly large values were found in fitness variables (d = 2.05–2.43). In addition, PA levels was not associated with fatness variables, whereas total PA and vigorous PA were associated with all fitness variables (p < 0.05), and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with muscular fitness (p < 0.05), after adjusting for potential confounders. Further analysis revealed that there were differences in fitness by tertiles of vigorous PA between the lowest and the highest groups in all fitness variables (all p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in fitness by tertiles of MVPA according with PA guidelines (≥60 min in MVPA). Our findings indicate that PA levels are not associated with fatness variables, whereas high PA levels, in particular vigorous PA, are positively associated with high fitness in adolescents with DS. |
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| Keywords: | Obesity Physical fitness Physical activity Adolescents Down syndrome |
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