Visuospatial working memory underlies choice-impulsivity in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan;2. National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;3. University of Minnesota, School of Kinesiology, Minneapolis, MN, USA;1. Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan;2. Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan;3. Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States;4. School Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States;5. School of Learning & Communication, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden;6. Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan;7. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan;8. Center for Teacher Education and Career Guidance, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan;9. The School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;1. University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States;2. University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, 3209 Colonial Drive, Columbia, SC 29203, United States;3. Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office, Health and Demographics, Blanding Street, Columbia, SC 29201, United States;4. University of South Carolina, Moore School of Business, Department of Economics, 1705 College Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States;5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States;1. Department of Evolutionary Psychology, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain;2. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, 6-123D Education North, Edmonton, Canada;1. Department of Psychology, University “Sapienza”, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy;2. IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation (CERC), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy;3. Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, “Children''s Hospital Bambino Gesù”, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;4. Department of Motor Science and Wellness, University “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy;5. Pediatric and Autoimmune Endocrine Disease Unit, “Children''s Hospital Bambino Gesù”, Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Fiumicino (Rome), Italy;6. Faculty of Formation Science, University “Guglielmo Marconi”, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy;1. The Ohio State University, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, United States;2. Nationwide Children''s Hospital, Department of Neurology, United States;3. Nationwide Children''s Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, United States |
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| Abstract: | The present study examined the directional relationship between choice-impulsivity and separate indices of phonological and visuospatial working memory performance in boys (aged 8–12 years) with (n = 16) and without ADHD (n = 19). Results indicated that high ratings of overall ADHD, inattention, and hyperactivity were significantly associated with increased impulsivity and poorer phonological and visuospatial working memory performance. Further, results from bias-corrected bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of visuospatial working memory performance, through choice-impulsivity, on overall ADHD, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Collectively, the findings suggest that deficits of visuospatial working memory underlie choice-impulsivity, which in turn contributes to the ADHD phenotype. Moreover, these findings are consistent with a growing body of literature that identifies working memory as a central neurocognitive deficit of ADHD. |
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| Keywords: | ADHD Impulsivity Working memory Executive functions |
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