安徽省感染性钉螺分布现状与调查

目的了解安徽省血吸虫感染性钉螺分布现状与特点。方法2007年收集安徽省钉螺调查的数据和各感染性螺点的GPS定位数据，建立感染性钉螺分布空间数据库，用ArcGis9．1绘制电子地图，分析全省感染性钉螺分布现状。结果2007年全省查出331处感染性钉螺环境，其中湖沼型流行区占62．5％，山丘型流行区占37．5％；现有感染性钉螺面积682．6hm^2，其中湖沼型地区占85．5％，山丘型流行区占14．5％。江滩和沟渠分别是湖沼型和山丘型流行区感染性钉螺分布最多的环境；97．2％的感染性钉螺环境分布于未控制村和疫情控制村。草是感染性钉螺分布最多的植被，其次为芦苇与树林。结论全省感染性钉螺的分布与水系的分布关系密切，湖沼型地区感染性钉螺分布在长江的两岸江滩、洲滩及其支流水系的河滩、湖泊的湖滩，山丘型地区感染性钉螺分布在河流、灌区或多种特殊环境。

Distribution of schistosome infected snails in Anhui Province

Objective To understand the current distribution of infected snails in Anhui Province. Methods The data of snail survey were collected, the database was set up and the position of environments of infected snails were determined with GPS, the E-map was established with ArcGis 9.1 and the distribution of infected snail was analyzed. Results In 2007, 331 environments with infected snails were found in Anhui Province, and 62. 50/40 of them were found in the lake regions and 37. 5% in the mountainous areas. The infected snail habitat areas were 682. 6 hm^2 , 85. 50/40 of them were distributed in the lake regions and 14.5% in the mountainous areas. The river beach and the canal were the main environments with infected snails in the lake regions and mountainous areas, respectively; and 97.20/40 of the environments with infected snail were distributed in the infection-uncontrolled villages or villages which reached the criteria of infection control of schistosomiasis. Grassland was the main vegetation with infected snails, and the second was the reeds and trees. Conclusions The cur- rent endemic situation of the infection-uncontrolled villages or villages which reached the criteria of infection control of schistosomiasis is severe and should be emphasized for schistosomiasis prevention and control. The distribution of infected snail is connected with the river system. In the lake regions, the infected snails are distributed over the bottomlands of the Yangtze River and tributaries and islets and lakes; in the mountainous areas, the infected snails are distributed in the rivers banks and irrigated areas or special environments.