急性肾损伤的诊治进展

急性肾损伤是指肾脏功能或结构方面的异常（包括血、尿、组织检测或影像学方面的肾损伤标志物异常），时限不超过3个月。AKI的诊断标准为：肾功能在48h内突然减退，表现为血肌酐升高，绝对值≥26．4μmol／L；或血肌酐较基础值升高≥50％；或尿量减少[尿量〈0．5ml／（kg·h），时间超过6h者]。血肌酐及尿量仍是目前诊断AKI的重要指标。无创性、高度敏感及特异性、能区分AKI病因的生物学标志物是目前AKI研究的热点。尽管包括对症支持治疗和肾替代治疗方法有改进，但AKI仍保持较高的死亡率。

Progress in the diagnosis and treatments of acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury （AKI） is a common clinical problem defined by an abrupt （within 48 hours） increase in serum creatinine resulting from an injury or insult that causes a functional or structural change in the kidney. Serum creatinine and urine output are common measures reflecting renal function. Currently, there is a lack of sensitive and specific markers for kidney injury available in clinical praetice although several kidney-specific biomarkers are under development. Despite substantial technical improvements in treatments, mortality and morbidity associated with acute renal failure remain high.