维持性血液透析病人症状负担与自我效能、社会支持的相关性研究

目的:探讨维持性血液透析病人自我效能及社会支持与症状负担的现状与相关性。方法:采用一般资料调查表、血液透析病人症状负担量表、慢性病自我效能量表和社会支持量表对广州市某三级甲等医院和二级甲等医院的96例维持性血液透析病人进行调查。结果:维持性血液透析病人症状负担总分为(63.76±46.70)分,每例病人经历(14.10±7.91)个症状,症状发生率排名前5位的依次是瘙痒、皮肤干燥、疲乏、入睡困难、口干;维持性血液透析病人症状负担总分及各维度得分与自我效能总分及各维度得分呈明显负相关(P<0.01);维持性血液透析病人的症状频率得分与社会支持总分、主观社会支持得分呈负相关(r=-0.202、-0.205,P<0.05)。结论:维持性血液透析病人同时经历多个症状,制定相关措施提高病人的自我效能,指导病人正确利用社会支持,可改善病人的症状负担。

Investigation on correlation between symptom burden and status of self-efficacy and social support in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective:To explore the relationship between self-efficacy,social support and symptom burden in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods:The general data questionnaire,symptom burden scale of hemodialysis patients,Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale and social support scale were used to investigate 96 patients with maintenance hemodialysis in a third-grade A hospital and a second-grade A hospital in Guangzhou.Results:The total symptom burden score of maintenance hemodialysis patients was(63.76±46.70),and each patient experienced(14.10±7.91)symptoms.The top five symptoms were itching,dry skin,fatigue,difficulty sleeping,and dry mouth.The total score of symptom burden and scores of various dimensions of maintenance hemodialysis patients were negatively correlated with the total score of self-efficacy and scores of various dimensions(P<0.01).Symptom frequency score of maintenance hemodialysis patients was negatively correlated with total social support score and subjective social support score(r=-0.202,-0.205,P<0.05).Conclusions:The maintenance hemodialysis patients experienced multiple symptoms at the same time,and the development of relevant measures to improve the patients′self-efficacy and to guide the patients to use social support correctly can improve the symptoms burden of patients.