Induction of apoptosis in the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis by tri-n-butyltin chloride |
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Authors: | Mici? M Bihari N Labura Z Müller W E Batel R |
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Institution: | Center for Marine Research Rovinj, Rudjer Boskovi? Institute, G. Paliage 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia. micic@cim.irb.hr |
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Abstract: | Induction of apoptosis by tri-n-butyltin (TBT) in gill tissue of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was investigated. The terminal dUTP nick-end labeling technique (TUNEL) was used to detect cells displaying DNA fragmentation within gill structures. Genomic DNA fragmentation was detected as characteristically ladder-like pattern of DNA fragments induced by single injection of different doses of TBT (1-5 microg/g) below the mantle, directly into the pallial fluid, after 24 h of incubation. DNA degradation of higher order DNA structure, as well as reduced G(0)/G(1) cell cycle region (the sub-G(1) region) was detectable after 1.5 h of TBT incubation. Presence of apoptotic cells in mussels' gills was indicated by the selective loss of G(2)/M cells concomitant with the appearance of cells with decreased DNA content in S and G(0)/G(1) cell cycle regions. The effect of the TBT on cell cycle in a mussel gill was a dose related and exposure time depending. The possible mechanism of induction of apoptosis in vivo in gill tissue of mussel treated with TBT is discussed. |
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