门诊护士职业倦怠与工作压力、社会支持的相关性分析

目的探讨综合性医院门诊护士职业倦怠现状及其与工作压力、社会支持的相关性。方法利用职业倦怠量表、工作压力量表、社会支持量表，以简单随机抽样方法抽取江苏省盐城市3所综合性医院，对其中86名门诊护士进行调查，采用SPSS11．7软件对反馈数据进行统计分析。结果86名门诊护士中25．58％处于高度情绪衰竭状态，53．49％处于中度情绪衰竭状态；11．63％处于高度去人格化状态，75．58％处于中度去人格化状态；8．14％感到较低的个人成就感，75．58％感到中度的个人成就感。中专、大专、本科护士职业倦怠中情绪衰竭维度得分分别为（21．70±7．28），（26．02±7．52），（21．33±8．39），三者比较差异有统计学意义（F=3．67，P〈0．05）；职业倦怠中情绪衰竭、个人成就感与工作压力相关（r分别为0．277，-0．262；P〈0．01或P〈0．05），情绪衰竭与社会支持呈负相关（r=-0．555，P〈0．01）。结论综合性医院门诊护士职业倦怠程度较高，本身工作压力的降低及获取更多的社会支持能缓解其职业倦怠感。

Correlation of job burnout and job stress and social support of outpatient nurses

Objective To explore the status of job burnout of outpatient nurses in general hospitals of our district, and to investigate the correlation with work pressure and social support. Methods 86 outpatient nurses in three general hospitals were investigated by Maslach Burnout Inventory, Job Stress Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale. SPSS 11.7 software was applied for statistical analysis of the feedback data. Results 25.58% subjects experienced high level of emotional exhaustion and 53.49% did the moderate level; 11.63% cases got high scores on depersonalization and 75.58% got moderate scores; 8.14% were in low levels of personal accomplishment and 75.58% in moderate. The score of emotional exhaustion in job burnout among technical secondary school nurses, junior college nurses and undergraduate nurses was obviously different, it was （21.70 ± 7.28 ）, （26.02 ± 7.52） and （21.33 ± 8.39） respectively. Emotional Exhaustion and personal accomplishment were positive correlation with work pressure （ r = 0. 277, - 0.262 respectively ; P 〈 0. 01 or P 〈 0. 05）, while emotional exhaustion was negative correlation with social support （ r = - 0. 555, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusions Most outpatient nurses in general hospitals of our city experience high degree of job burnout. Reducing work pressure and receiving more social support may alleviate job burnout of outpatient nurses.