P选择素及E选择素在小儿川崎病血管损伤中的作用机制及其意义

目的探讨P选择素(P-selectin, PS)、E选择素(E-selectin, ES)在小儿川崎病血管损伤中的作用机制,寻找其与冠状动脉(简称冠脉)损伤之间直接关系的依据.方法应用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)双抗体夹心法、放免法检测36例川崎病(KD)患儿、20例发热疾病患儿、30例健康对照组儿童的PS、ES、血栓素(TXB2)、6酮前列腺素F1α(6-KPGF1α),并将KD患儿分为急性期、亚急性期、恢复期;有冠脉损伤(CAL)组与无冠脉损伤(NCAL)组,根据初始应用静脉丙种球蛋白(IVIG)48小时是否热退分为IVIG有效组与IVIG无效组.结果 KD患儿组的PS、ES急性期 (211±28、186±14)ng/ml ]、亚急性期(238±27、151±13)ng/ml]和恢复期(198±21、100±9) ng/ml]均高于健康对照组 (102±36、72±10)ng/ml],差异有显著性(P<0.01);治疗后PS仍维持较高水平,但IVIG有效组PS、ES下降与急性期相比差异有显著性(P<0.01);CAL组PS、ES(281±78、210±52)ng/ml]水平明显高于NCAL组(217±15、108±10)ng/ml,P<0.01 ],IVIG有效组PS、ES水平治疗后2周比治疗后1周降低,差异有显著性(P<0.01),IVIG无效组PS水平治疗后2周仍高于治疗后 1周,但差异无显著性(P>0.05);治疗后1周IVIG无效组与IVIG有效组PS水平未降低,差异无显著性(P>0.05);治疗后2周IVIG无效组PS、ES水平仍显著高于IVIG有效组(P<0.01),差异有显著性,PS的高峰期在亚急性期.KD患儿急性期TXB2水平显著升高,与健康对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01),亚急性期与正常组、CAL与NCAL组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),治疗后TXB2水平迅速降低;6-KPGF1α急性期、亚急性期、恢复期水平显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01);治疗后2周仍未达正常水平,CAL与NCAL组间差异无显著性(P>0.05);发热疾病组急性期PS、ES水平与健康对照组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05);KD组患儿ES与CRP水平差异有极显著性(r＝0.79 ,P<0.01),发热疾病组ES与CRP水平差异无显著性,KD组患儿PS与血小板计数(PLT)水平差异有极显著性(r＝0.75 ,P<0.01),发热疾病组PS与PTL差异无显著性.结论 PS、ES水平在KD患儿组急性期和亚急性期升高可能在川崎病患儿血管损伤的病理生理发生机制中起重要作用,PS、ES具有预示KD患儿CAL潜在的可能性.

Changes of P-selectin and E-selectin in children with Kawasaki disease

OBJECTIVE: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a kind of febrile disorder without definite etiology. The pathologic change of KD is characterized by nonspecific vasculitis, which mainly involves the coronary artery. Some patients may have coronary angioma formation, and some of them will result in the coronary narrowing or embolism. Notwithstanding that KD has been one of the most common causes for acquired heart diseases in childhood in addition to the rheumatic fever, the pathogenesis of the vascular damage remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore the pathophysiological role of cell adhesion molecules (P-selectin and E-selectin) on the endothelial lesions in KD, and to look for the evidence of direct relationship between the plasma levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules (P- and E-selectin) and the incidence of the coronary artery lesion (CAL). METHODS: Soluble P-selectin (PS), E-selectin (ES), thromboxane-B(2)(TXB(2)), 6-keto-PGF(1)alpha (6-KPGF(1)alpha) were measured in 36 patients with KD, 20 patients with febrile disease and 30 healthy children by using double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay. Patients with KD were separated into acute phase group, subacute phase group, recovery phase group, coronary artery lesion group (CAL), non-coronary artery lesion group (NCAL), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) effective group (body temperature back to normal after 48 hours of using IVIG), and IVIG ineffective group. RESULTS: Plasma PS and ES levels in the acute phase group (211 +/- 28 and 186 +/- 14) ng/ml], subacute phase group (238 +/- 27 and 151 +/- 13) ng/ml] and recovery phase group (198 +/- 21 and 1008 +/- 9) ng/ml] were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (102 +/- 36 and 72 +/- 10) ng/ml, P < 0.01]. The plasma PS levels remained higher after the treatment, but in IVIG effective group, the PS and ES levels declined significantly (P < 0.01) compared with those in acute phase group. Plasma PS and ES levels of CAL group (281 +/- 78 and 210 +/- 52) ng/ml] were significantly higher than those of NCAL group (217 +/- 15 and 108 +/- 10) ng/ml, P < 0.01]. In contrast to 1 week after the treatment, the PS and ES in IVIG effective group at the time point of 2 weeks after the treatment decreased more significantly (P < 0.01). While the PS and ES in IVIG ineffective group remained higher at the time point of 2 weeks after the treatment, which showed no significant difference compared with those 1 week after the treatment (P > 0.05). One week after the treatment, the PS levels of IVIG effective and ineffective groups did not descend, and there was no significant difference in PS between these two groups at this time point. Two weeks after the treatment, the PS and ES in IVIG ineffective group remained higher than those in IVIG effective group, and there was a significant difference between them. The peak level of PS appeared in the subacute phase. TXB(2) levels of KD in acute phase group increased markedly, which were significantly higher than those of healthy group (345 +/- 127 and 190 +/- 69) ng/L, P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference between subacute phase group and healthy group. No significant difference was found between CAL group and NCAL group (P > 0.05). The levels of TXB(2) declined quickly after the treatment. The 6-KPGF(1)alpha level in KD of acute phase group, subacute phase group and recovery phase group (7.1 +/- 2.8, 10.8 +/- 3.7 and 11.3 +/- 4.0) ng/L, respectively] was significantly lower than that of healthy group (17.7 +/- 5.8) ng/L, P < 0.01], and the levels did not recover to normal even 2 weeks after the treatment. There was no significant difference 6-KPGF(1)alpha levels between CAL group and NCAL group (P > 0.05). In the febrile group, PS and ES levels showed no significant differences compared with healthy children (P > 0.05). ES level of KD patients was significantly correlated with CRP levels (r = 0.79 P < 0.01). In febrile group, there was no significant correlation between ES and CRP. There was a significant correlation between PS and PLT levels in KD patients (r = 0.75 P < 0.01), and no significant correlation between PS and PLT levels in febrile patients. CONCLUSION: The increase of plasma PS and ES levels in KD acute phase and subacute phase might play an important role in the pathophysiology of the endothelial damage. E- and P-selectin may potentially be a predictor of CAL in patients with KD.