| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York;4. The Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;5. Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, Ithaca, New York;6. Division of Heart Failure Cardiology, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;7. Division of Heart Failure Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;8. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;1. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Institute of Human Values in Health Care, Charleston, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina;2. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;1. Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada;2. Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada |
