乙型肝炎疫苗免疫人群效果观察

为评价乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗在人群中应用的效果 ,采用多阶段整群系统随机抽样的方法 ,对河南省 13个县市中的 1890个家庭 ,5890人进行乙肝疫苗接种情况的调查。发现接种疫苗者HBsAg阳性率明显降低 ,抗 HBs阳性率明显升高。只接种 1针者无免疫保护作用 ;2岁内接种疫苗效果最好 ;5岁以下儿童中接种率达到 70 %时可使HBsAg阳性率降低到 1%以下。结果说明乙肝疫苗在人群中应用效果明显 ,小年龄接种和全程接种对效果影响显著 ,维持高的接种率才会使相应人群带毒率明显下降。

A Study on the Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccine among the Vaccinated Population

In order to identify the effect of hepatitis B vaccine in a vaccinated population,5890 persons from 1890 families in 13 counties/cities in Henan province were chosen for investigation under multistage cluster systematic sampling.All subjects were bled for HBsAg,anti HBs and anti HBc by RIA.The positive rate of HBsAg was significantly lower in vaccinates than in that non vaccinates.There was no protective effect in those who only vaccinated for one dose.It was preferable to receive vaccination before the age of two years.If 70% of hepatitis B vaccine coverage was reached among those younger than 5 years old,the positive rate of HBsAg could reduce to 1% or even lower.Results showed that it was important to ensure an earlier and full course vaccination with high coverage.