腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣在乳房再造和胸壁溃疡修复中的应用

目的　在解剖学研究基础上 ,对以腹壁下动静脉为蒂的横行腹直肌 (TRAM)肌皮瓣的切取进行完善和改进 ,将其精确为腹壁下动脉穿支 (DIEP)皮瓣 ,从而提供一种更为理想的乳腺癌术后乳房再造和胸壁创面修复的皮瓣。　方法切取DIEP皮瓣 ,移植至胸壁受区 ,腹壁下动静脉分别与胸廓内动静脉相吻合 ,用于乳腺癌术后乳房再造和胸壁放射性溃疡的修复。　结果　解剖学研究和临床观察发现自腹壁下动脉有粗大的肌皮穿支或皮支自血管主干发出 ,穿过腹直肌纤维直接进入皮瓣 ,因此 ,术中只剪开腹直肌前鞘 ,钝性分离腹壁下动静脉及其穿支周围的腹直肌纤维 ,无须离断腹直肌纤维 ,临床应用DIEP皮瓣再造乳房 4例 ,修复胸壁缺损 2例 ,皮瓣面积 (10cm× 12cm )～ (12cm× 35cm) ,全部成活 ,效果满意。　结论　DIEP皮瓣是对传统的TRAM皮瓣的一种技术改良 ,既保留了TRAM皮瓣血运丰富、组织量大、易于塑形的优点 ,尚可保持腹直肌的完整性 ,同期进行腹壁整形

Deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps in breast reconstruction and chest wall ulcer repair

Objectives To modifiy the techniques of harvesting the freeinferior epigastric artery transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap as deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap based on the anatomic study and to provide ideal methods for breast reconstruction after operation of mastocarcinoma and repair of chest wall ulcer after radiotherapy. Methods DIEP flaps were elevated and transferred to recipient sites in the chest walls. The inferior epigastric artery and vein were anastomosed to the internal thoracic artery and vein. Results During flap dissection, large perforators were found to enter the flap across the fibers of the rectus muscle. So DIEP flaps were elevated with preservation of the continuity of the rectus muscle′s fibers. Four DIEP flaps were used for breast reconstruction and two for repair of chest wall ulcer. The size of the flaps ranged from (10 cm×12 cm) to(12 cm×35 cm). All flaps survived and good results were achieved. Conclusions DIEP flap is technically modified TRAM flap. It not only retains the advantages of TRAM flap such as good blood supply, rich tissue volume and easy to change the flap′s shape, but also preserves the integrity of rectus abdominis muscle and enables to perform simultaneous abdominoplasty.