Association of D-dimer with Plaque Characteristics and Plasma Biomarkers of Oxidation-Specific Epitopes in Stable Subjects with Coronary Artery Disease |
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Authors: | Hema Kothari Anh T. Nguyen Xiaohong Yang Yohei Hisada Sotirios Tsimikas Nigel Mackman Angela Taylor Coleen A. McNamara |
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Affiliation: | 1.Cardiovascular Research Center,University of Virginia,Charlottesville,USA;2.Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center,University of California San Diego,San Diego,USA;3.Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Chapel Hill,USA;4.K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center,University of Troms?,Troms?,Norway;5.Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,University of Virginia,Charlottesville,USA |
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Abstract: | D-dimer has emerged as a biomarker of cardiovascular event risk, yet pathophysiological factors associated with plasma D-dimer levels in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) subjects are poorly understood. In 106 stable CAD subjects undergoing intravascular ultrasound with virtual histology (IVUS-VH), we measured D-dimer, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), plasminogen, biomarkers reflecting oxidation-specific epitopes (OSE) such as oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B-100 (OxPL-apoB), OxPL on plasminogen (OxPL-PLG), and autoantibodies to phosphorylcholine-BSA [PC-BSA] and a malondialdehyde [MDA] mimotope. In univariate analysis, D-dimer was positively associated with Lp(a), OxPL-apoB, OxPL-PLG, and coronary artery calcium, and inversely associated with autoantibodies to OSE and plaque fibrosis. D-dimer levels >?500 ng/ml also showed positive association with plaque necrosis. After multivariate analysis, D-dimer remained significantly associated with Lp(a) and plaque calcium. While further studies are needed, results provide evidence that plasma D-dimer levels are associated with levels of OxPLs and IVUS-VH indices linked to plaque erosion and rupture. |
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