甲型H1N1流感疫苗血清抗体消长研究

目的 了解甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种后血清抗体的消长规律，为免疫策略提供依据。方法 对128名接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的研究对象在接种后的第3、6、9、12个月采集血清标本，以血凝抑制试验方法(HI)检测血清HI抗体。结果 128名对象在接种疫苗后的第3、6、9、12个月抗体阳性率和几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为61.7%和1:40；47.7%和1:28.4；40.9% 和1:24.5；35.43% 和1:23.6，差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）。不论男女，抗体阳性率和GMT均随时间推移显著降低（P<0.01）。不同年龄组的抗体GMT也显著下降（P<0.01）。79名抗体阳性者在第3、6、9、12个月的抗体阳性率和GMT分别为100%和1:104.09；75.95%和1:58.33；64.56%和1:45.23；54.43%和1:41.82，差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）。无论性别或年龄，抗体阳性率和GMT均随时间推移显著降低（P<0.01）。结论 甲型H1N1流感疫苗的血清抗体水平随时间推移快速下降，免疫力不持久。

Study on Rise and Fall of Serum HI Antibody Induced by 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccine

In order to provide evidence for immunization strategy, this study was aimed at investigating the rise and fall of serum HI antibody induced by 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine. Serum specimen were obtained from 128 recipients of vaccine at the 3 rd, 6 th, 9 th and 12 th month following vaccination. Antibody titres were measured by use of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The positive rates and Geometric mean titers (GMT) of HI antibody in 128 recipients at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month were 61.7% and 1:40, 47.7% and 1:28.4, 40.9% and 1:24.5, 35.43% and 1:23.6 respectively, which were significantly different (P<0.01). The positive rates and GMT were significantly decreased with time in both male and female (P<0.01), and GMT were significantly reduced in all age groups as well (P<0.01). The positive rates and GMT in 79 subjects with positive HI antibody at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month were 100% and 1:104.09, 75.95% and 1:58.33, 64.56% and 1:45.23, 54.43% and 1:41.82 respectively, which were significantly different (P<0.01). No matter gender or age, the positive rates and GMT were significantly decreased with time (P<0.01). The data reveal that the levels of HI antibody induced by 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine decline rapidly and the immunogenicity is not lasting.