猪作为供体的异种肝移植的研究与进展

背景：猪易于饲养,易繁殖,器官大小与人较匹配,并且可通过基因调控技术来增强供受体器官匹配性,因此猪是最佳异种供体器官的大动物模型。目的：总结近年来猪作为供体的异种移植研究进展。方法：应用计算机检索PubMed数据库及万方数据库2001-01/2010-12有关以猪及非人类灵长类为供体进行异种移植的文献报道。 结果与结论：使用猪作为供体的异种移植应用于临床可能会缓解供体器官短缺的问题,然而异种移植免疫学方面还存在某些障碍,可通过基因工程技术和开发新型免疫抑制剂来解决。至此所进行的研究还不能完全克服免疫排斥反应,并且除免疫因素外,还有异种病原的感染问题,如猪内源性反转录病毒。现在还不能确定是否具有潜在的感染性,随着进一步的研究,将会彻底克服免疫排斥和病毒感染等问题。

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BACKGROUND: Pigs are easy feeding and easy propagation, and their organ size matches human organ. Furthermore, the matching ability of organ donor and receptor could be enhanced by genetic engineering. Therefore pigs are the best large-animal model as heterogeneous organ donor.   OBJECTIVE: To summarize the recent research progress on xenotransplantation using pig organs.METHODS: An online search of PubMed database and Wanfang database was performed for relevant articles published between January 2001 and December 2010 on xenotransplantation using pig donor or non-human primate donor.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The clinical application of pig donor in xenotransplantation could alleviate the organ shortage. But there are still some immunological obstacles in xenotransplantation, which could be resolved by genetic engineering and immunosuppressive drug innovation. So far, the immunologic rejection cannot be completely overcome on the current research level. Besides, heterogeneous pathogen infection can be caused by xenotransplantation, such as porcine endogenous retrovirus. It is uncertain whether using pig donor in xenotransplantation is potentially infectious, but along with further studies, immune rejection and viral infection problems will be completely overcome.