空间微生物废物处理装置地面试验样机研制

目的 研制空间微生物废物处理装置地面试验样机，为今后空间环境条件下植物不可食部分等废物转化为植物栽培液、实现空间物质的循环利用奠定基础。方法 提出技术指标和性能要求，进行方案论证和设计、各组件加工和性能检测、系统安装与调试，而后进行微生物废物处理试验。结果 该装置系统运行稳定，其能耗、体积和重量满足设计要求，出水水质和微生物处理能力好于设计要求。pH值和溶解氧浓度能自动控制，O2能实现无泡供应。生菜不可食部分等废物在该装置中能被所选用的微生物降解，总有机碳(TOC)和化学需氧量(COD)含量均显著下降。分别达92．1％和95．5％。结论 该装置结构设计合理，主要工作原理满足空间微重力条件设计要求，可作为空间条件下的废物降解处理装置。

Development of a Ground-based Experimental Facility for Space Waste Material Processing with Microorganism

Objective To develop a ground-based experimental facility for microorganism waste processing, which will be used to recover nutrient from plant inedible biomass essential for growth and development of plants. Mothod After technical parameters and performance requirements were defined, planning demonstration, drawing design, fabrication, debug and plant inedible residue-biodegradation tests by microorganisms were conducted. Result The facility worked well, and the parameters, such as energy consumption, volume and weight, met the design requirement. The water-treated quality and the ability of treating plant residual by microorganism were better than the demands. The ground-based results demonstrated that total organic carbon (TOC) degradation above 92.1%, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction over 95.5% could be maintained. Conclusion The facility has reasonable technical indexes, and smooth and reliable performances. Its major working principle is suitble for the demand of space conditions. It is capable of being utilized for biodegradation of plant inedible biomass in space.