人体髋臼盂唇的形态结构特点及其临床意义

目的　探讨人体髋臼盂唇的形态解剖和组织学特点。 方法　解剖12例经福尔马林固定及8例新鲜冰冻成人髋关节标本，测量：(1)髋臼盂唇的宽度和厚度；(2)盂唇增加髋臼窝表面积；(3)髋臼盂唇增加髋臼窝的深度；(4)髋臼盂唇所增加髋臼窝的容积等指标, 并对髋臼盂唇进行HE、甲苯胺蓝、胶原纤维免疫组化染色观察其组织学特点。 结果　髋臼盂唇为具有类软骨特性纤维环，最大宽度在时钟2:00位，为(7.37±2.72) mm，最大厚度在9:00位，为(6.25±1.60) mm；髋臼盂唇增加髋臼窝的深度为(5.30±0.83) mm，增加髋臼窝表面积为(4.98±0.94) cm2，增加髋臼窝的容积为(7.69±2.03) ml。髋臼盂唇的截面为三角形，关节囊侧为疏松结缔组织，富含血管，基底侧附着于骨性髋臼上，关节面侧与髋臼软骨通过盂唇-软骨复合体过渡区相连。 结论　髋臼盂唇为覆盖在骨性髋臼缘上的纤维组织环，具有一定的类软骨特性，主要起到稳定髋关节的作用。髋臼盂唇的血供主要来自关节囊，关节面侧通过盂唇-软骨复合体过渡区与关节软骨相连续，是髋臼盂唇损伤的解剖基础。

Morphological anatomy and histological assessment of acetabular labrum

Objective To study the morphological anatomy and histology of human acetabular labrum, and get better understanding of the acetabular labrum in clinic.　 Methods　12 Formalin embalmed and 8 fresh-frozen cadaveric hips were dissected. The width and thickness of labrum were measured based on the clock face method while the increased depth, surface area and volume of the acetabular fossa were measured. The labrum was stained by the H-E, toluidine blue and collagen immunohistochemically to study its histological characteristics.　Results　The acetabular labrum had some cartilage quality. The labrum was widest at the point of 2 clock (7.37±2.72) mm, and got the thickest at 9 clock (6.25±1.60) mm; the labrum increased the depth, surface area and volume of acetabular fossa and the means values were (5.30±0.83) mm, (4.98±0.94) cm2 and (7.69±2.03) ml, respectively. The section of the acetabulum was triangular. The acetabular labrum richly contained fibers, and lots of vascularized connective tissue was on the joint capsule side of the labrum. The transition zone of acetabular labral-chondral complex was between the labrum and hyaline cartilage of acetabulum.　Conclusions　Acetabular labrum is a fibrous tissue ring that covers on the acetabulum rim with cartilage quality, it can increase the depth of the acetabulum and enhance joint stability. The acetabulum labrum is nourished by the well-vascularized joint capsule. Histologically, the acetabular labrum merges with the articular hyaline cartilage of the joint surface of the acetabulum through a transition zone of acetabular labral-chondral complex, and it may render it more prone to damage, which is the anatomical basis for acetabular labrum injury.