人体冠状动脉精确解剖三维模型及有限元虚拟现实研究

目的　利用来自活体的CCTA数据建立不同狭窄程度冠状动脉的精确解剖三维模型，并对该组模型进行有限元流体力学模拟研究，分析血流速度在不同狭窄程度冠脉血管中的变化情况，以及其对动脉粥样硬化的造成的影响。 方法　利用临床患者冠脉的CCTA数据建立精确解剖的三维模型，再使用有限元软件建立有限元模型，设置各种边界条件进行模拟分析，最后采用各种直观的图形形式输出结果。 结果　血流速度在冠脉狭窄处明显加快，又在狭窄后区域明显减慢并且产生了涡流；这种明显变化的血流速度对动脉斑块会产生较大的影响。 结论　（1）利用CCTA数据建立的冠脉三维模型准确、真实。 （2）流速对动脉粥样硬化的发生发展扮演着重要的角色，狭窄动脉的流速变化可以加快动脉粥样硬化斑块的生长并影响斑块稳定性。

3D-model and finite element analysis: study of human coronary artery

Objective　To investigate the hemodynamic characteristics of different degrees of stenosis in coronary artery under pulsating flow, which was performed with the help of accurate anatomical 3D models about coronary arteries having different degrees of stenosis, the models was established with CCTA data from living body. The contrast of hemodynamic parameters is obtained at different observation points; the contrast and changes of hemodynamic parameters and its influence on AS were also obtained.　Methods Selecting cases from typical coronary stenosis ones, and then the CCTA data was obtained by using the multiplies spiral CT. After that, FEM Models about coronary stenosis were estabilished with the software. At last the calculation and analysis were performed and the results were output in a variety of intuitive graphical forms.　Results　The flow velocity of the coronary artery stenosis accelerated, while it slowed down at the area behind the narrow and the eddy current was produced. This kind of change can have a great effect on plaques. Conclusion　The change of velocity played an important role in the development of AS, it can accurate the growth of atherosclerotic plaque and affect the stability.