北京地区急性呼吸道感染病例中副流感病毒感染的流行特征研究

目的 了解北京地区急性呼吸道感染病例中副流感病毒感染现况,探索其流行特征。方法 选择2011-2014年期间就诊于哨点医院的急性呼吸道感染病例,采集其咽拭子、深咳痰液等呼吸道样本,采用多重实时荧光PCR法检测副流感病毒1型、2型、3型、4型及其他常见呼吸道病毒,包括腺病毒、偏肺病毒、冠状病毒、流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒、博卡病毒、肠道病毒,检测结果采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果 3978例病例中共检测到217例副流感病毒阳性病例,阳性检出率为5.46%;其他呼吸道病毒检测阳性率最高为流感病毒,为12.27%(488/3978);副流感病毒中3型阳性检出率最高,为2.21%, 2型阳性检出率最低,为0.83%;5岁以下儿童组阳性检出率最高,为7.75%,其次为60岁以上老龄组,6～15岁青年组阳性检出率最低;2011-2013年副流感病毒1型、3型阳性检出率呈逐年下降趋势,2014年有所升高;副流感病毒2型阳性检出率在2011年和2013年间明显高于2012年和2014年,呈隔年流行态势;4年中副流感病毒4型呈散发;6-8月副流感病毒的阳性检出率明显高于其他月份;急性上呼吸道感染与急性下呼吸道感染病例中副流感病毒阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论 2011-2014年北京地区副流感病毒感染主要为3型和1型;婴幼儿是副流感病毒感染的主要人群。不同年份、月份副流感病毒流行强度及流行型别差异有统计学意义。

Prevalence of human parainfluenza virus in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing

Objective To understand the incidence of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing and discussed the epidemiological characteristics of HPIV infection. Methods The throat swabs or sputum samples from acute respiratory tract infected patients were collected in five sentinel hospitals during 2011-2014. HPIV 1-4, and other common respiratory viruses, including influenza virus, bocavirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, enterovirus, adenovirus, human coronavirus, metapneumovirus, were detected by using multiplex real time-PCR. The results were analyzed with SPSS 17.0. Results A total of 217 HPIV positive samples were found from 3978 clinical samples (5.46%). The positive rate of HPIV3 was highest (2.21%) and the positive rate of HPIV2 was lowest (0.83%). For the detection of other respiratory viruses, the positive rate influenza virus was highest (12.27%, 488/3978). The age group 5 years had the highest positive rate of HPIV (7.75%) and followed by the age group 60 years and the age group 6-15 years had the lowest positive rate of HPIV. The positive rates of HPIV1 and HPIV3 declined year by year during 2011-2013 and increased in 2014,while the positive rate of HPIV2 showed a biennial trend and there were no obvious annual trend for HPIV4. The positive rate of HPIV during June-August was significantly higher than that in other months. There was no significant difference in the incidence between the upper and lower respiratory infection cases. Conclusion HPIV1 and HPIV3 were predominate in Beijing,2011-2014. Infants were the population at high risk of HPIV infection. The circulating types and related intensity varied with year and the type-specific seasonal patterns were different.