天津城乡居民膳食微量营养素摄入及与高血压关系的研究

目的 分析天津城乡居民膳食微量营养素摄入状况及与高血压的关系，为提出人群营养改善预防高血压策略提供信息及依据。方法 利用2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测数据，采用连续3d 24 h回顾及调味品称重的膳食调查方法。结果 天津居民每标准人日维生素A、C、E、B₁、B₂、尼克酸、钙、钠、钾、碘、铁、锌摄入分别为313.79 μg、85.05 mg、27.91 mg、0.81 mg、0.86 mg、13.24 mg、410.85 mg、6 613.17 mg、1 735.10 mg、282.83 μg、22.21 mg、10.37 mg；膳食维生素A、B₁、B₂、钙低于推荐值，钠明显超标；除了钠、总碘农村偏高，其他微量营养素农村均最低；高血压患者膳食钾、钙、镁、铜、硒、维生素A、C、硫胺素、核黄素与血压呈负相关（均有P< 0.05），钠、碘与血压呈正相关（均有P< 0.05）；高血压组钠、碘明显高于正常血压组和推荐值；其他微量营养素低于正常血压组（均有P<0.05）。结论 天津居民维生素A、B₁、B₂、钙摄入不足是膳食中的主要问题；钠摄入明显过多；农村居民微量营养素缺乏更严重；多种微量营养素摄入与高血压相关，急需膳食干预高血压的营养改善措施。

Study on the relationship between hypertention and dietary micronutrients intake condition of urban and rural residents in Tianjin

Objective To analyze the relationship between hypertention and dietary micronutrients intake condition of urban and rural residents in Tianjin in order to provide information and basis for the strategy of improving nutrition condition and preventing hypertention in population.Methods The monitoring data of Chinese residents' nutrition and health condition from 2010 to 2012 were collected; the food record using successive 3 days 24 hours dietary retrospective method and seasoning weight method.Results The standard intake of Tianjin residents per people per day was respectively as follows: vitamin A 313.79 μg, vitamin C 85.05 mg, vitamin E 27.91 mg, vitamin B₁ 0.81 mg, vitamin B₂ 0.86 mg, nicotinic acid 13.24 mg, calcium 410.85 mg, sodium 6 613.17 mg, kalium 1 735.10 mg, iodine 282.83 μg, iron 22.21 mg, zinc 10.37 mg; the dietary intake of vitamin A, B₁, B₂ and calcium was lower than the recommended value and the intake of soldium was obviously exceeding; the intake of micronutrients except soldium and the total iodine the intake of which is higher in rural is the lowest in rural; in hypertention patients, the dietary intake of kalium, calcium, magneslium, cuprum, selenium, vitamin A and C, thiamine, riboflavin was negatively related to blood pressure(all P< 0.05), while it was positively related in reference to sodium and iodine intake(all P< 0.05); in hypertention patients, the sodium and iodine intake was both obviously higher than that in control group and also than the recommended nutrient intake while the intake of other micronutrients was all lower than that in control group(all P< 0.05).Conclusions The insufficiency of intake of micronutrients including vitamin A, B₁, B₂ and calcium in Tianjin residents is the major problem. The intake of sodium is obviously nimiety; the insufficiency of kinds of micronutrients is more serious in rural area; various micronutrients are related to hypertention and it's time to take nutrition-improving measures to intervene hypertention by diet.