新疆克拉玛依皮肤利什曼病传播媒介的研究

１９９４年的研究表明，在克拉玛依从皮肤利什曼病患者皮肤损害部位和从硕大白岭吴氏亚种消化道内分离出来的利什曼原虫，经ＤＮＡ基因型的分析，证实与婴儿利什曼原虫同源。本文报道，在皮肤利什曼病流行区内硕大白蛉吴氏亚种的数最颇大，亲人性强，在野外和居民点内该蛉的前鞭毛体自然感染率分别为５．９％（５８／９８５）和２．９％（１３／４４９），前鞭毛体在该蛉的消化道内能大量繁殖并可移行至咽及喙部；而在非流行区，该蛉的数量很少或无，也未查见前鞭毛体的感染。综合以往和本文的研究结果，作者确认硕大白蛉吴氏亚种为克拉玛依山婴儿利什曼原虫所致的皮肤利什曼病的传播媒介。

Study on the Vector Transmitting Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Karamay,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China

The cloned 32p-labelled gene gp63 was used as a probe to detcet the DNA of Leishmania para-sites isolated from the skin lesions of human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL ) and the promastigotesfound in naturally infected Phlebotomus major wui in Karamay CL endemic area in 1994;genic typing suggest-ed that they were homogeneous with that of Leishmania infantum.The present study of sandflies in Karamay shows that P.major wui is a commom species and highly an-thropophilic.A total of 13 733 sandflies were collected from different places in Karamay,Among them,3 318were P.major wui, accounting for 24.2%of the sandfly population,In contrast,in 3 non-endemic counties(Usu,Fukang and Qitai) where Leishmania turanica was present in great gerbil Rhombomys opimus, P.major wui was very scarcity (15/1441),and the sandfly population was different from that in CL endemic area inKaramay. Of the 2 855 female sandflies collected by human bait in the wild and in houses in Karamay,1595(55.9%)were P. major wui.Natural infection rate of female P. major wui with promastigotes was 5.9%(58/985)in the wild and 2.9%(13/449)in the houses. The blood meal had been completely digested in manysandflies and the stomach was filled with promastigotes which invaded the pharynx and even the proboscis.Therefore,P.major wui appears to be a favourable host for the development of L. infantum. In conclusion, these findings on P.major wui meet the criteria for identifying Leishmania vector laiddown by WHO Expect Committee in Leishmaniasis. This is the first demonstration of P. major wui as a vec-tor transmitting cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. infantum in China.