Factors associated with anxiety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Pakistan |
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Authors: | Muhammad Sarfraz Nawaz Kifayat Ullah Shah Haroon Ur Rashid Sajid Mahmood Allah Bukhsh Inayat Ur Rehman Salamat Ali Tahir Mehmood Khan |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Pharmacy,Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad,Islamabad,Pakistan;2.School of Pharmacy,Monash University,Bandar Sunway,Malaysia;3.Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,University of Veterinary and Animal Science,Lahore,Pakistan |
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Abstract: | The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with anxiety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM) by using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted after necessary ethical approval from Medicare Hospital Rawalpindi and Capital Development Authority Hospital Islamabad in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki. Three hundred thirty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected by non-stratified random sampling technique from August 2016 to February 2017. Majority of the T2DM patients (n?=?258, 66.5%) had mild anxiety, followed by mild to moderate anxiety (n?=?82, 21.1%). A significant association (p?0.01) was observed between anxiety and patients’ gender, education, and occupation; whereas, statistically insignificant association (p?>?0.05) was observed between HAM-A score and patients’ age, family history, and life style. Linear regression analysis revealed gender (OR?=???0.308, CI-0.57-0.299) as a significant predictor (p?0.01) for anxiety. Findings of this study demonstrate that large proportion of the diabetic patients is suffering with type of anxiety. A significant association of anxiety was identified with gender, education, and occupation of type 2 diabetes patients. |
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