深圳市市售水产品中的镉膳食暴露风险评估

目的 通过分析深圳市市售水产品中镉污染水平及居民对水产品的消费量，评估食用水产品中镉的膳食暴露风险。方法 采用单纯随机抽样方法，在深圳市采集各类水产品样品共1 405份，结合居民水产品消费量调查结果，采用点评估方法评估深圳市居民食用水产品中镉的暴露风险，并对照FAO/WHO食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的镉暂定每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)进行评价。结果 共检测样品1 405份，总超标率为16.44%(231/1 405)，各类水产品中镉含量平均值范围在0.002～1.439 mg/kg之间。镉平均含量较高的是贝类、藻类、头足类，分别为1.439、1.171、0.367 mg/kg。深圳市居民食用水产品消费量较高的是淡水鱼、海水鱼和头足类，每天平均消费量分别为0.763、0.595、0.137 g/kg Bw。水产品中镉的平均暴露量和 P90暴露量分别为5.04μg/kg Bw和11.67 μg/kg Bw，分别占PTMI的20.16%、46.68%。贝类、头足类和藻类是深圳市居民摄入水产品中镉暴露的主要来源，从这3类膳食中摄入的镉占深圳市居民每月水产品镉平均暴露量的96.54%。结论　深圳市食用水产品中镉有一定的超标情况，但对居民膳食暴露风险低于健康指导值，通过摄入市场上的水产品尚不会对居民的健康产生不利影响。

Risk assessment of dietary exposure to cadmium from edible aquatic products sold in Shenzhen city

Objective To analyze the cadmium level in edible aquatic products and dietary intake of residents in Shenzhen city for risk assessment. Methods Random sampling method was used to collect 1 405 samples of edible aquatic products in Shenzhen city. Based on the survey result of aquatic products consumed by residents in Shenzhen city，the method of point assessment was applied to evaluate the level of exposure to cadmium in edible aquatic products,and the results were compared and evaluated with the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI) for cadmium recommended by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Results A total of 1 405 samples were tested and the total exceeding standard rate was 16.44% (231/1405). The average ranges of cadmium content in different edible aquatic products were between 0.002 to 1.439 mg/kg. The average cadmium contents of shellfish, algae and cephalopods which were higher in the tested samples were 1.439 mg/kg, 1.171 mg/kg and 0.367 mg/kg, respectively. The average intake levels of freshwater fish, marine fish and cephalopods which highly consumed by Shenzhen residents were 0.763g/kg Bw, 0.595g/kg Bw and 0.137g/kg Bw, respectively. The average and P90 exposure doses of cadmium from edible aquatic products were 5.04μg/kg Bw and 11.67μg/kg Bw, accounting for PTMI of 20.16% and 46.68%, respectively. Shellfish, cephalopods and algae were the main sources of cadmium exposure in aquatic products consumed by Shenzhen residents,accounting for PTMI of 96.54%. Conclusion The content of cadmium in edible aquatic products exceeded the standard in Shenzhen city, but no adverse health effect was exert by aquatic products in Shenzhen residents for the dietary exposure levels of residents were below the value of health-based guidance．