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Non-persistent pesticides in breast milk in an agricultural area in Turkey |
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| Authors: | Hacer Yapicioglu Yildizdas Ferda Ozlu Pinar Efeoglu Nebile Daglioglu Mehmet Satar |
| Institution: | 1. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey;2. Department of Forensic Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey |
| Abstract: | Background: Organophosphates, pythyreoids, carbamate pesticides and fungicides are heavily used in agriculture. They may have dangerous effects on newborn health especially on immune system and growth via prenatal transmission by placenta or postnatal transmission by breastfeeding. Methods: In 2015, 144 non-persistent pesticides in 64 milk samples of 32 mothers were studied by OuEChERS method in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer in neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Adana, a city in Cukurova region which is an important agricultural area in Turkey. Results: Pesticides were detected in milk samples of 11 mothers (34.3%) and 21 (32.8%) of milk samples. In five mothers, fungicides (in 5/10 samples propicanozole-PP, in 4/10 samples bromucanozole-BM), in five mothers, organophosphates (in 10/10 samples primyphosphomethyl-PPM), in one mother, both organophosphates and fungicide (in 1/2 samples PPM and in 1/2 samples buprimate) were detected. However, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) were less than acceptable daily intakes (ADI) for PPM, PP and BM, respectively. Conclusions: Although pesticides levels in human milk did not exceed the ADIs, we suggest monitoring pesticides in human breast milk especially for newborn health. |
| Keywords: | Breast milk estimated daily intake non-persistent pesticides |