Divergent Effects of Obesity on Bone Health |
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| Authors: | Barbara A Gower Krista Casazza |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,1520 San Pablo St, Suite 3800, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;2. Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo St, Suite 3800,Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;1. AgroParisTech, Paris Institute of Science and Technology, for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences, Paris, France;2. Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, USA;3. Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA;4. Analytical Support Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Historically, obesity was thought to be advantageous for maintaining healthy bones due to the greater bone mineral density observed in overweight individuals. However, recent observations of increased fracture in some obese individuals have led to concern that common metabolic complications of obesity, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and inflammation may be associated with poor bone health. In support of this hypothesis, greater visceral fat, a hallmark of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, is associated with lower bone mineral density. Research is needed to determine if and how visceral fat and/or poor metabolic health are causally associated with bone health. Clinicians should consider adding a marker metabolic health, such as waist circumference or fasting plasma glucose concentration, to other known risk factors for osteoporosis and fracture. |
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| Keywords: | Bone mineral density fracture obesity visceral fat |
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