Celiac Disease and Metabolic Bone Disease |
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| Authors: | Yanming Xing Sarah L Morgan |
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| Institution: | 1. Endocrinology Section, Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA;2. Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA;3. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA;4. Geriatrics Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA;1. Cleveland Clinic Center for Human Nutrition, Cleveland, OH, USA;2. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA;1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, Community Health Sciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada;2. College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;1. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;2. Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Celiac disease is a common autoimmune gastrointestinal disorder affecting multiple organs, precipitated in genetically vulnerable persons by the ingestion of gluten. Gluten is poorly digested and is presented to the intestinal mucosa as a large polypeptide. Binding to human leukocyte antigen-DQ2 and human leukocyte antigen-DQ8 molecules on antigen-presenting cells stimulates cellular and humeral immune reactions. Although common serological tests are available to diagnose celiac disease, the diagnosis of celiac disease is often delayed or missed because of lack of recognition as the disease presentation in adults is highly variable and may be asymptomatic. Celiac disease is a common secondary cause of metabolic bone disease and delayed treatment with gluten-free diet affects bone mineral density and fracture risk, so it is crucial to diagnose and treat celiac disease promptly. In this article, we will review recent studies of celiac disease in adults and provide practical, easily accessible information for busy clinicians. |
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| Keywords: | Antigliadin antibody bone mineral density dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry endomysial antibody tissue transglutaminase |
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