Leptin as regulator of pulmonary immune responses: Involvement in respiratory diseases |
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| Authors: | Juanita H.J. Vernooy Niki D.J. Ubags Guy G. Brusselle Jan Tavernier Benjamin T. Suratt Guy F. Joos Emiel F.M. Wouters Ken R. Bracke |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;2. Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA;3. Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium;4. Department of Biochemistry, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB – Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;1. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada;2. Division of Vision Sciences, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;3. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada;4. Department of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya;1. Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn;2. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn;3. Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga;4. Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa;1. Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;3. Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA;4. Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health and Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA;5. National Institute for Communicable Diseases: a division of National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa;1. Departamento de Neumología, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, EOXI de Vigo, Pneumovigo I + i. Instituto de Investigaciones Galicia Sur IIS Galicia Sur, Vigo, España;2. Departamento de Patología, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, EOXI de Vigo, Vigo, España;2. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada;3. Program of Interdisciplinary Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada;4. Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada;7. Department of Pathology, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada;1. Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;2. Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;3. Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina |
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| Abstract: | Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone, recognized as a critical mediator of the balance between food intake and energy expenditure by signalling through its functional receptor (Ob-Rb) in the hypothalamus. Structurally, leptin belongs to the long-chain helical cytokine family, and is now known to have pleiotropic functions in both innate and adaptive immunity. The presence of the functional leptin receptor in the lung together with evidence of increased airspace leptin levels arising during pulmonary inflammation, suggests an important role for leptin in lung development, respiratory immune responses and eventually pathogenesis of inflammatory respiratory diseases. The purpose of this article is to review our current understanding of leptin and its functional role on the different resident cell types of the lung in health as well as in the context of three major respiratory conditions being chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. |
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| Keywords: | Leptin Asthma COPD Pneumonia Pulmonary immunity |
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