Bone Mineral Density Measured by a Portable X-ray Device Agrees With Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry at Forearm in Preschool Aged Children |
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| Authors: | Tom J. Hazell Catherine A. Vanstone Celia J. Rodd Frank Rauch Hope A. Weiler |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada;2. Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;3. The Montreal Children''s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;4. Shriner''s Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;1. Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA;2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA;1. Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;3. Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;4. Johns Hopkins University, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA;5. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA;6. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;7. Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA;8. MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA;9. University of Michigan and Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative, Michigan, USA;10. University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;11. University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada;12. University of Calgary, Southern Alberta Institute of Urology, Calgary, Canada;13. University College London and University College London Hospital Trust, London, UK;14. University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK;15. King''s College London, London, UK;p. Guy''s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK;q. Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;r. Lille University Hospital Center, Lille, France;s. Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;t. Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Radiation Oncology 1 and Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;u. University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;v. Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden;w. Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain;x. Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden;y. Kan-tonsspital Baden, Baden, Switzerland;z. Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore;1. Monash Health; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;2. Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan;3. Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada;5. Royal Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;6. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA;7. University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;8. Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia;9. University of Michigan and Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;10. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy;11. Kantonsspital Baden, Baden, Switzerland;12. Monash University and Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia;13. Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan;14. Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea;15. Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;P. University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland;Q. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;R. The Hyve B.V. Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;S. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;T. Movember Foundation, Melbourne, Australia;1. Department of Physics, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia;2. Department of Systems and Informatics Engineering, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia |
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| Abstract: | Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of bone mineral density (BMD) are generally not feasible in fieldwork. The present study determined the agreement between BMD measured by DXA and portable peripheral DXA in preschool aged children. Fifty-seven children (4.2 ± 1.0 yr) had their nondominant distal forearm scanned using a peripheral DXA scanner (PIXI; GE Medical Systems Lunar, Madison, WI) at their daycare and a DXA (4500A Discovery Series; Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA) at our research clinic. Correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and Bland-Altman plots were performed to examine the agreement between measurements. Data were also divided into tertiles for cross-classification analysis and calculation of kappa coefficients. Distal forearm BMD measured by PIXI was significantly correlated with DXA measures of total forearm BMD (r > 0.51; p < 0.001), proximal 1/3 BMD (r > 0.41; p < 0.001), mid-BMD (r > 0.37; p < 0.001), and ultradistal (UD) BMD (r > 0.57; p < 0.001). Cross-classification in the same or adjacent tertile between measures (UD forearm: 96.5%; UD radius: 94.4%; total forearm: 87.7%; total radius: 84.2%) resulted in weighted kappa coefficients of 0.46, 0.58, 0.42, and 0.43, respectively. Bland-Altman plots further clarified these agreements as all had low bias (UD forearm: bias = 0.003 ± 0.002; UD radius: ?0.015 ± 0.021; total forearm: ?0.062 ± 0.027; total radius: ?0.077 ± 0.026). These results demonstrate that portable DXA measures of forearm BMD agree moderately with DXA. |
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