基于磁共振成像的注意缺陷多动障碍认知神经机制研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种儿童期常见的神经发育性障碍,发病率高,以注意力难以持续集中、多动和冲动为明显特征。该症给患者的学习生活、人际关系以及家庭带来诸多困扰与痛苦,因此探索ADHD的发病机制对于探索新的治疗手段、提高临床预后、减轻患儿的疾病造成的痛苦具有重要意义。近年来神经影像学研究发展迅速,借助于脑影像学技术与方法,探究ADHD的神经机制已获取不少有意义的发现。本文拟对ADHD磁共振功能成像以及弥散张量成像研究文献进行综述,以加深对ADHD神经机制的认识与理解,服务于临床。

Research progress on cognitive neural mechanisms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on the studies of magnetic resonance imaging

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with high incidence rate,characterized by unsustainable attention and/or hyperactive/impulsive behavior causing much trouble and pain to the study,life,interpersonal relationship and family of the patients.Therefore,studying the pathogenesis of ADHD is of great significance for exploring new therapies,improving clinical prognosis and alleviating patient's pain caused by the disease.Neuroimaging studies have developed rapidly in recent years,and with the aid of techniques and approaches of brain imaging,exploring the neural mechanism of ADHD has been explored thereby showing varieties of interesting results.This paper reviews the ADHD literatures on the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI),in order to deepen the knowledge and understanding of the neural mechanisms of ADHD,and to provide evidence for clinical practice.