3~7岁孤独症谱系障碍儿童的气质特点研究

目的 研究3~7岁孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的气质特点,为其识别、干预提供依据。方法 选择2012年10月—2013年3月在中山大学附属第三医院儿童发育行为中心确诊的3~7岁的130例ASD儿童,与我国正常同龄儿童气质常模进行对比,对ASD儿童的气质特点进行研究。 结果 3~7岁ASD儿童气质以I-E型为主,但所占比例较正常学龄前儿童明显下降。其气质维度明显异于正常同龄儿童(P＜0.05);3~7岁ASD儿童的气质类型的性别之间差异明显,男童的反应阈维度得分高(P＜0.05),其余气质维度得分无明显性别差异,且反应强度与月龄呈负相关(r=－0.19,P＜0.05);3~7岁ASD儿童的适应性、反应强度、心境得分与出生体重负相关(r=－0.26、－0.32、－0.31,P均＜0.01)。结论 3~7岁ASD儿童气质维度明显异于正常同龄儿童,对其进行研究可更好地发现以及干预ASD。

Study on the temperament characteristics of 3 to 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder

Objective To study the temperament characteristics of 3 to 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),in order to provide references for detection and intervention. Method A total of 130 ASD children diagnosed in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2012 to March 2013 were selected as participants. And the temperament characteristics of ASD children were compared with the normal. Results The temperament of 3 to 7-year-old children with ASD was mainly I-E type, whose proportion in ASD children was significantly lower than that in normal children(P＜0.05). Also, the temperament dimensions of 3 to 7-year-old children with ASD significantly differed from normal preschool children(P＜0.05). The response threshold score of 3 to　7-year-old boys with ASD was higher(P＜0.05). Moreover, the score of response intensity was negatively correlated with month of age(r=-0.19, P＜0.05), and the scores of adaptability, response intensity and mood of ASD children were negatively related to birth weight(r=-0.26, -0.32, -0.31, all P＜0.01). Conclusions The temperament dimensions of 3 to 7-year-old children with ASD significantly differ from those of normal preschool children, so study on temperament characteristics will facilitate early recognition and intervention of ASD.