情绪障碍儿童家庭环境影响因素及其父母的人格特征

目的 分析情绪障碍儿童的家庭环境影响因素及其父母的人格特征,为儿童情绪障碍的防治提供参考依据。方法 2015年3月-2016年2月采用自编一般情况调查表、父母教养方式评价量表和艾森克人格问卷,对102例情绪障碍儿童与102例同龄正常儿童及其父母进行调查评估。结果 情绪障碍儿童组精神疾病阳性家族史、单亲和重组家庭检出率高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(χ²=14.439,P<0.001;χ²=6.093,P=0.014)。情绪障碍儿童组父母内外向因子得分低于对照组,神经质因子得分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=3.642、2.526、3.810、4.794,P<0.001)。情绪障碍儿童组母亲精神质因子得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ²=2.105,P=0.037)。情绪障碍儿童组父亲惩罚、严厉因子、过分干涉因子及拒绝、否认因子得分,母亲拒绝、否认因子、惩罚、严厉因子高于对照组,而父亲情感温暖、理解因子、母亲情感温暖、理解因子得分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.900~6.663,P均<0.05)。结论 不良的家庭环境对儿童情绪障碍有显著影响,减少家庭矛盾、改善父母教育方式有助于情绪障碍的治疗与预防。

Family environmental factors and parents' personality traits in children with emotional disorder

Objective To study family environmental factors and parents' personality traits in children with emotional disorder,in order to provide the reference for the prevention and treatment for emotional disorders in children. Methods A total of 102 children with emotional disorders,102 normal children and their parents were enrolled in March 2015 to February 2016.All children were assessed with Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) and general information questionnaire.Parents were assessed with Eysenck personality questionnaire. Results The rates of positive family history with mental disorder,single and reorganization of the family in children with emotional disorders were higher than those in control group(χ²=14.439,6.093,both P＜0.05).Scores had statistically differences on introversion-extroversion,nervousness,psychoticism of their parents between the two groups (χ²=3.642,2.526,3.810,4.794,all P＜0.001).The score of psychoticism in mothers of children with emotional disorders was significantly higher than that in mothers of normal children (χ²=2.105,P=0.037).Compared with the control group,children with emotional disorders scored higher in "father punishment,father refused,father over-govern,mother refused, mother punishment ".However,the scores of "parental affection-wormed" were lower(t=2.900~6.663,all P＜0.05). Conclusions Emotional disorders in children are greatly influenced by poor family environment.Reducing family conflict and improving parents' rearing styles may be helpful in treatment and prevention of emotional disorders.