二代独生子女行为问题及影响因素研究

目的 调查第二代独生子女行为问题的发生率和影响因素,为儿童行为管理提供依据。方法 2012—2014年在重庆市2所普通幼儿园整群抽样,行为评估采用气质量表及儿童行为量表(CBCL),统计分析采用SPSS 17.0软件进行。结果 二代独生子女96人,年龄(4.67±0.69)岁。内化性行为问题、外化性行为问题与总的行为问题的检出率分别是25.0%、37.5%、37.5%。Logistic回归分析行为问题相关危险因素有男性(OR=1.613,95% CI:1.021~2.549)、难养型气质 (OR=7.111,95% CI:3.028~16.701)、母亲看重生育对婚姻的作用(OR=9.379,95% CI:4.321~20.358),保护性因素包括核心家庭结构(OR=0.366,95% CI:0.209~0.643)、母亲与父亲大学以上文化(母亲OR=0.491,95% CI:0.265~0.910; 父亲OR=0.427,95% CI:0.192~0.948)、母亲产后情绪稳定(OR=0.294,95% CI:0.158~0.550)、父母重视幼儿园的社交作用(OR=0.402,95% CI:0.225~0.721)、父母关注儿童行为(OR=0.084,95% CI:0.013~0.551)。结论 二代独生子女总的行为问题发生率不比对照组高。二代独生子女的行为问题与性别、年龄、家庭环境有关,与独生子女身份无关。

Prevalence and influencing factors of behavioral problems in the second-generation single child in Chongqing

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of behavioral problems in the second-generation single child in Chongqing of China,in order to provide evidence for children behaviors management . Method A questionnaire-based investigation was conducted in preschoolers in Chongqing by using cluster-randomized sampling method from 2012 to 2014.Parents completed the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklists (CBCL) and the Temperament Checklists.SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze data. Results A total of ninety-six 2nd-generation single (G2) children were enrolled in this study,with average age of (4.67 ±0.69) years old.The prevalence of internalizing,externalizing,and total behavioral problems in G2 children were 25.0%,37.5%,and 37.5%.Logistic regression analysis indicated that boys (OR=1.613,95% CI:1.021~2.549),difficult temperament (OR=7.111,95% CI:3.028~16.701),and mothers′ recognition on the value of delivery to marriage (OR=9.38,95% CI:4.321~20.358) were risk factors of behavioral problems.The protective factors of behavioral problems included nuclear family (OR=0.366,95% CI:0.209~0.643),parents with college or above education (OR_mother=0.491,95% CI:0.265~ 0.910; OR_father=0.427,95% CI:0.192~0.948),mother with relaxed mood after delivery(OR=0.294,95% CI:0.158~0.550),children′s social interaction (OR=0.402,95% CI:0.225~0.721),and parents′ attention to behavioral development (OR=0.084,95% CI:0.013~0.551). Conclusions Second- generation single-child does not show significantly increased incidence of behavioral problems compared with control groups.The behaviors of children are influenced by gender,age,and family background,while are not correlated with the identification of single child.