青岛市儿童青少年运动素质与体成分的关系分析

目的 分析体质量指数(BMI)、脂肪组织指数(FMI)及非脂肪组织指数(FFMI)与运动素质的关系以及运动素质的影响因素,为制定相应的干预措施提供理论依据。方法 以参加2014年全国学生体质与健康调研的青岛市7~18岁4 917名儿童青少年为研究对象,测量身高、体重、皮脂厚度、肺活量、握力、速度(50 m跑)、下肢爆发力(立定跳远)和立体位前屈等形态、机能和素质指标。用长岭晋吉公式和Brozek公式估算体脂百分含量(BF%),并计算FMI和FFMI。采用相关分析和多因素线性回归分析等方法分析。结果 握力与BMI、FMI、FFMI皆呈正相关,且有统计学意义,其中握力与FFMI的相关系数绝对值最大;爆发力、肌力与FMI呈负相关,与FFMI呈正相关;速度跑、耐力跑用时与FMI呈正相关,与FFMI呈负相关;多因素线性回归分析结果 :身高、体重、胸围、腰围及FFMI对体质总分的影响具有统计学意义,FMI的回归系数为-0.128,与体质总分呈负相关,但尚无统计学意义;FFMI的回归系数为0.763,与体质总分呈正相关,且有统计学意义。结论 有针对性的增强体育锻炼,控制肥胖、改善身体体成分,减少脂肪组织含量,增加非脂肪组织含量,可以增强儿童青少年身体机能和运动素质。

Analysis of relationship among body component and athletic ability of the children and adolescents in Qingdao

Objective To analyze the relationship among body mass index (BMI),fat mass index (FMI),fat-free mass index (FFMI) and athletic ability,and find out the influencing factors of athletic ability,and to provide theoretical basis for the development of appropriate interventions. Methods The height,body weight,sebum thickness,vital capacity,grip strength,speed (50 m run),lower limb explosive force (standing weight long jump) and three-dimensional position flexion.were measured in 4 917 children and adolescents aged 7~18 in Qingdao,who participated in the 2014 National Student Physique and Health Survey.The body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated and the adipose tissue index and non-adipose tissue index were calculated by using the Changling Jinji formula and Brozek formula.The result was analyzed by using correlation analysis and multi-factor linear regression analysis. Results The grip strength was positively correlated with BMI,FMI and FFMI with significant difference.The correlation coefficient between grip strength and FFMI was the highest.The explosive force and muscle strength were negatively correlated with FMI and positively correlated with FFMI.Time for speed run and endurance showed positive correlations with FMI and negatively correlation with FFMI.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the effect of height,body weight,chest circumference,waist circumference and FFMI on body mass was statistically significant.The regression coefficient of FMI was -0.128,and it was not statistically significant.The regression coefficient of FFMI was 0.763,which was positively correlated with the total score of physical constitution,with statistical significance. Conclusion Physical exercise,obesity control,body composition improvement,adipose tissue content reduction and non-adipose tissue content increase should be enhanced to improve children and adolescents physical function and exercise quality.