武汉市中小学生身体形态城乡差异的变化趋势研究

目的 了解近30年武汉市中小学生身体形态城乡差异的发展趋势,为缩小城乡差距提供科学依据。 方法 以1985、1995、2005年和2014年参加全国学生体质健康调研的武汉市城乡中小学生共22 430人为研究对象,将其分为城市男生、乡村男生、城市女生、乡村女生4类,分别将上述4次调研中7~18岁学生中7~12岁合并为小学段、13~15岁合并为初中段、16~18岁合并为高中段,分别计算各学段城乡男女学生身高、体重、胸围的平均值及各学段城乡学生的均值差。 结果 近30年来,学生身体形态城乡差异的变化趋势为:男生从城区领先到城区优势扩大再到城区优势缩小,如男生小学阶段的身高由城乡平均相差4.3 cm到相差5.4 cm再到相差3.1 cm,男生高中阶段的体重由平均相差1.8 kg到相差7.2 kg再到相差6.2 kg;女生从城区领先到城区优势扩大再到城乡逐渐接近,如女生小学阶段的体重由城乡平均相差1.9 kg到相差3.7 kg再到相差1.2 kg,女生小学阶段胸围由平均相差0.9 cm到相差3.3 cm再到相差0.8 cm。乡村男生的形态发育水平依然没有完全赶上城区男生,而乡村女生的形态发育水平在逐渐接近城区女生。结论 应加快乡村经济建设,加强乡村学生健康教育,促进城乡学生同步、和谐发展。

Study on the variation tendency of the discrepancy in physique between rural and urban elementary and secondary school students in Wuhan

Objective To know about the development trend of the discrepancy in physique between rural and urban elementary and secondary school students in Wuhan over the past thirty years, in order to provide scientific basis for narrowing the gap between rural and urban areas. Methods Data of 22 430 rural and urban students in Wuhan who took part in the research on physical quality and health of national students in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. And these students were divided into four categories: urban male, rural male, urban female and rural female groups. Also, students aged 7~12, 13~15 and 16~18 were selected as primary school group, middle school group and high school group, respectively. The mean value and the mean difference of height, weight, and chest circumference of male and female students from urban and rural areas in these groups were calculated respectively. Results The variation tendency of rural and urban male students' physique over the past 30 years was: urban students in lead to urban advantage expandedand the to urban advantage diminished. For example, the difference on the height of boys in primary school is from 4.3 cm to 5.4 cm, and to 3.1 cm on average. The difference on the weight of boys in high school was from 1.8 kg to 7.2 kg, and to 6.2 kg on average. The variation tendency of rural and urban female students' physique over the past 30 years was urban students in lead to urban advantage expanded and the to urban and rural areas gradually got closer. For example, the difference on the height of boys in primary school was from 4.3 cm to 5.4 cm, and to 3.1 cm on average. The difference on weight of girls in primary school was from 1.9 kg to 3.7 kg to 1.2 kg on average, and the difference on chest circumference was from 0.9 cm to 3.3 cm to 0.8 cm on average. The level of physique development of rural male students had not overtaken that of urban male students, while physique development of rural female students had gradually approached that of urban female students. Conclusion Rural economic development should be prompted, and rural students' health education is suggested to be strengthened, so that a synchronized and harmonious development of rural and urban students will be facilitated.