儿童语言发育迟缓发育特征及危险因素分析

目的 分析语言发育迟缓儿童的智能发育特征及危险因素,为临床早期发现、早期干预、早期诊治提供科学依据。 方法 2016年6月—2017年7月因语言发育迟缓在武汉市同济医院儿童保健专科就诊的儿童209例(35例语言发育迟缓,174例全面发育迟缓),其中男164例(78.47%),女45例(21.53%),年龄1~5岁,使用Gesell发育诊断量表、早期语言发育进程量表(上海标准化版)、采用自制的调查问卷获取相关信息。 结果 语言发育迟缓与全面发育迟缓儿童在性别、父亲的文化程度、职业、父母的关系、性格、主要教育者、照养人每日与儿童相处的时间、儿童每天看电视/玩电子游戏等方面差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),但在儿童年龄(χ²=12.723)、母亲文化程度(χ²=10.124)、职业(χ²=7.473)方面的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多元回归分析发现,母亲文化程度低的儿童发生全面发育迟缓的机率是母亲文化程度高的儿童的5.419倍(OR =5.419, P＜0.01)。 结论 对儿童各个年龄段进行常规语言筛查,早期发现语言发育迟缓;加强对低学历母亲的健康教育,以减少语言迟缓对其他发育进程的影响。

Characteristics and risk factors of children with developmental language delay

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of intelligence development in children with delayed language development,in order to provide scientific evidence for early clinical diagnosis,intervention and treatment of language delay. Method A total of 209 children aged 1~5 years (including 164 boys and 45 girls) with main complaints of language delay were recruited in Wuhan Tongji Hospital from June 2016 to July 2017,of which 35 were diagnosed with developmental language delay,and 174 were diagnosed with global developmental delay(GDD).All participants were assessed with the Gesell Developmental Scale,the Early Language Development Screening Scale (Shanghai standardized edition) and self-designed demographic questionnaire to obtain relevant information. Results No significant differences were found on gender,father′s educational level,father′s occupation,parental relationship,temperament type,main caregivers,daily time spent with main caregivers,and daily screen time between children with developmental language delay and GDD children (all P>0.05).However,there were significant differences on children′s age(χ²=12.723),mother′s educational level(χ²=10.124),mother′s occupation(χ²=7.473)between two groups(all P<0.05).Multifactor regression analysis showed that children with less-educated mothers were 5 times more likely to develop GDD than those with more educated mothers (OR=5.419,P<0.01). Conclusions Language screening is badly needed in children′s routine physical examination in order to make early identification of developmental language delay.Besides,health education from medical professionals is suggested to be conducted in less-educated mothers,so as to reduce the potential adverse impacts of language delay on children′s overall development.