学龄前儿童饮食行为及其影响因素研究

目的 了解学龄前期儿童的饮食行为及其影响因素,为儿童不良饮食行为的早期干预提供参考依据。方法 2016年4-6月,采用分层整群抽样法在西安市城区和郊区各选择2所幼儿园,采用《学龄前儿童饮食行为量表》对330名儿童主要照护人进行调查。采用多元逐步回归分析探索儿童饮食行为的影响因素。结果 共发放调查问卷330份,回收有效问卷319份,有效回收率97%。分析发现,性别、母亲教育程度及家庭人口数是儿童挑食的主要影响因素;是否独生子女、家庭人口数是食物响应和外因性进食的主要影响因素;性别、母亲教育程度、人均月收入、家庭人口数是不良进食行为的主要影响因素;性别、居住状况、人均月收入是过饱响应的影响因素;是否独生子女、居住状况、家庭人口数与情绪性进食得分密切相关;年龄、居住状况、家庭人口数是影响主动进食的主要因素。结论 家庭人口学特征影响儿童饮食行为,但不同饮食行为的影响因素不同。

Study on the status and influencing factors for eating behaviors of preschool children

Objective To learn the eating behavior status and influencing factors of preschool period and to provide some references for early intervention of unhealthy eating behaviors among preschool children. Methods A total of 330 preschool children's caregivers from 2 kindergartens in urban and suburban areas of Xi'an were selected by using stratified cluster sampling method from April and June in 2016,and were asked to finish the Preschool Children's eating Behavior Scale.Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of children's eating behaviors. Results Totally 319 validated questionnaires were got back and the valid answering rate was 97%.The Results suggested that gender,mother's literacy level and family size were major influencing factors for children's fussy eating;only-child and family size were positive associated with food response;gender,mother's literacy level,average monthly income per person and family size had an impact on improper eating behavior;gender,family structure and average monthly income per person were major influencing factors for satiety response;only-child and family size were associated with external eating;only-child,family structure and family size were closely related to emotional eating;age,family structure and family size could influence children's initiative eating. Conclusion Family demographic characteristics can influence preschool children's eating behaviors,but different eating behaviors habit have different influencing factors.