学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍症状与行为生活方式的关联研究

目的 探讨学龄前儿童行为生活方式与注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)症状的关联,以促进儿童健康发展。方法 2014年选择马鞍山市区91所幼儿园16 439名3～6岁学龄前儿童作为研究对象,通过问卷调查学龄前儿童的行为生活方式和社会人口统计学特征,并采用《Conners简明症状问卷》评估儿童的ADHD症状。将参加户外运动情况、学习日和周末看电视、学习日和周末玩电子产品的时间、挑食、喜欢的口味、睡眠时间、学习日和周末入睡的时间10个变量组成行为生活方式指数。使用χ²检验和Logistic回归模型对数据进行分析。结果 行为生活方式指数总分为10分,平均值为(2.64±1.78)分。调整了人口统计学信息以及户外运动时间、进餐时间、喜欢吃的食物类型及午睡习惯后,行为生活方式指数中分组(2～3分)和高分组(≥4分)是ADHD症状的危险因素,其OR值(95%CI)分别为1.78(1.50~2.12)和2.82(2.37~3.35)。结论 学龄前儿童ADHD症状的发生与日常行为生活方式有一定关系,提示开展促进积极生活和健康饮食的干预项目,对预防和减少学龄前儿童ADHD症状的发生将起到非常重要的作用。

Relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms among preschoolers and behavioral lifestyle

Objective To explore the correlation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and behavioral lifestyle,so as to promote the health development of children . Method Totally 16 439 preschool children aged 3~6 years in 91 kindergartens in Maanshan were investigated in 2014.The behavioral lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics of preschool children were collected through questionnaire survey.ADHD symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Chinese version of the Conners′ abbreviated symptom questionnaire (C-ASQ).A lifestyle index was formed from ten domains,including outdoor activities,TV viewing on weekday and weekend,play other electronic deviceson weekday and weekend,picky-eater,favorite flavor,sleep time,falling asleep on weekday and weekend.Pearson χ² test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results The total score of the behavioral lifestyle index was 10,with mean score of 2.64±1.78.After adjusted for demographic information and outdoor exercise time,mealtimes,food types and naps,the average autonomous group (scored 2~3)(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.50~2.12) and high autonomous group(≥4 scores) (OR=2.82,95%CI:2.37~3.35) of behavioral lifestyle index were risk factors of ADHD symptoms. Conclusions The occurrence of ADHD symptoms is related to the daily behavioral lifestyle.So it is suggested to prompt interventions on positive living and healthy diet in order to prevent and reduce the onset of ADHD in preschoolers.