抑郁症患者焦虑症状、应付方式与人格特征的关系

背景:焦虑和抑郁的共病率各家报道不一,在抑郁症的病理心理学上,伴有焦虑症状的抑郁症患者的应付方式与人格及其与抑郁症状的关系等基本问题并不十分清楚。目的:分析伴有焦虑症状抑郁症患者的应付方式与人格的关系。设计:病例-对照观察。单位:中南大学湘雅二医院、湖南省脑科医院。对象:选择2002-06/2003-01在中南大学湘雅二医院、湖南省脑科医院住院的抑郁症患者88例。另选择中南大学湘雅二医院、中山大学部分职工及家属、临时工、学生中健康自愿者90人为正常对照组。方法:采用抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、应付方式问卷、艾森克人格问卷进行调查评估。主要观察指标:①抑郁症组与正常对照组抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、应付方式问卷、艾森克人格问卷评分比较。②有焦虑症状抑郁症组和无焦虑症状抑郁症组抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、应付方式问卷、艾森克人格问卷评分比较。③抑郁症组各指标相关分析和逐步回归分析结果。结果:178名入选对象均进入结果分析。①抑郁症患者抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、艾森克人格问卷的精神质、神经质两个维度的得分高于正常对照组,而艾森克人格问卷的内外向维度、积极应付方式得分低于对照组。②伴有焦虑症者抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、艾森克人格问卷的精神质、神经质两个维度的得分明显高于不伴焦虑症者,积极应付方式得分低于无焦虑症组。③相关、回归分析表明抑郁症状的严重程度与焦虑自评量表、艾森克人格问卷的内外向维度及积极应付方式的关系更为密切。结论:①抑郁症患者的抑郁症状、焦虑症状、精神质较明显,偏内向,情绪不稳定,较少采用积极的应付方式。②有焦虑症状的抑郁症患者其抑郁症状较严重,精神质、神经质比较明显,较少采用积极的应付方式。③较少采用积极的应付方式可纳入人格特质的内外向维度之中。

Relationship among the anxious symptoms, coping styles and personality traits in patients with depression

BACKGROUND: There are different reports on the comorbidity rates of anxiety and depression. In the pathopsychology of depression, it is unclear for the relationship between coping styles and personality in depressive patient accompanied with anxiety disorders.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between coping styles and personality in depressive patient with anxious disorders.DESIGN: A case-control study.SETTTNG: Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Hunan Brain Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-eight patients with depression were selected from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Hunan Brain Hospital from June 2002 to January 2003. Ninety subjects were selected as normal control group from the employees or their family members, health volunteers in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Sun Yat-sen University.METHODS: All the subjects were surveyed with self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), coping style questionnaire and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ).MATN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of the scores of SDS, SAS, coping styles questionnaire and EPQ between the depressive group and normal control group; ② Comparison of the scores of SDS, SAS, coping styles questionnaire and EPQ between the depressive patients with and without anxious symptoms. ③ Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis of all the indexes in the depressive group.RESULTS: ① All the 178 subjects were involved in the final analysis of results. ① The total scores of SDS and SAS, the scores of psychoticism and neuroticism of EPQ in the depressive group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group, but the score of introversion-extraversion of EPQ and passive coping style were lower than those in the control group. ② The total scores of SDS and SAS, the scores of psychoticism and neuroticism of EPQ were obviously higher but the score of active coping style was lower in the depressive patients with anxious symptoms than in those without anxious symptoms. ③ The correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis suggested that the severity of depressive symptom was significantly related with SAS, introversion-extraversion dimension of EPQ and passive coping style.CONCLUSION: ① Depressive patients suffer from obvious depressive and anxious symptoms and psychoticism, and they inclined to introversion and emotional instability, and adopt less active coping style. ② Depressive patients with anxious symptoms suffer from more serious depressive symptoms, psychoticism and neuroticism, and they adopt active passive coping style. ③ Less adoption of active coping style can be brought into the dimension of introversion-extraversion in personality trait.