贵阳市儿童心理行为问题调查

背景:随着医学模式的转变,健康概念的更新,儿童气质、心理卫生及行为问题成为儿童保健的重要课题,日益受到人们的重视。目的:通过问卷调查了解贵阳市儿童心理、行为问题现状及气质类型分布情况。设计:随机整群抽样,横断面调查。单位:贵阳市妇幼保健研究所。对象:于贵阳市城区33个儿保责任地随机抽取12家单位为调查点,调查期间来做健康检查的l～6岁儿童,排除有严重躯体疾患及智力异常的儿童。方法:采用自制心理卫生调查表、中国1～3岁儿童气质量表、中国3～7岁儿童气质量表、2～3岁儿童行为量表、上海市精神卫生中心标准化的Achenbach’s儿童行为量表分别调查儿童的心理卫生问题、行为问题及气质类型分布,所有问卷均由儿童父母填写,问卷当场收回。于初测后2～4周随机抽取部分受试者重新填写上述问卷,进行重测信度检验。主要观察指标:儿童的心理卫生问题、行为问题及气质类型分布,社会环境因素对气质、行为的影响。结果:①贵阳市儿童气质类型分布中,容易抚育型、抚育困难型、中间近容易抚育型、中间近抚育困难型、发育缓慢型气质分布分别占35.58%,4.21%,39.70%,7.37%,13.14%。②贵阳市儿童心理卫生问题总检出率为94.50%,不同气质类型儿童心理卫生问题检出率分别为98.91%,97.26%,96.19%,94.05%,93.13%(P<0.01)。③行为问题总检出率分别为19.57%,不同气质类型儿童行为问题检出率分别为31.76%,26.69%,22.58%,21.33%,12.72%(P<0.001)。居住条件、父母文化程度、婚姻关系、管教态度、亲子关系、孕期营养、患病情况、照管人等与气质类型及行为问题发生有关,气质与心理行为问题关系密切。结论:贵阳儿童心理卫生问题普遍存在,应予以重视,可通过对相关因素的改造,帮助其重塑良好个性,减少心理行为问题的发生。

Survey of psychological behaviors of children in Guiyang

BACKGROUND: With conversion of medical patterns and revolution of healthy concept, temperament, psychological health and behavior become key topics for child care and are paid more and more attention nowadays.OBJECTIVE: To survey the status quo of psychological and behavior problems and distribution of temperamental types through questionnaire for children in Guiyang.DESIGN: Randomized cluster sampling and cross-sectional study.SETTING: Guiyang Institute for Mother and Child Health.PARTICIPANTS: Twelve settings were randomly selected from 33 duty units for child care in Guiyang. Children aged 1-6 years suffered from health check at survey stage, and those with severe body diseases and abnormal intelligence were excluded.METHODS: Problems of psychological health and behavior and distribution of temperamental types for children were surveyed with self-made psychological health scale, Chinese temperament scale for 1-3-year children,Chinese temperament scale for 3-7-year children, behavior scale for 2-3-year children and Achenbach's children behavior scale standardized by Shanghai Mental Health Center. All questionnaires were answered by parents and taken back on the spot. After 2-4 weeks, several children were randomly selected to refill in the questionnaires mentioned above to measure reliability again.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Status quo of psychological and behavior problems, distribution of temperamental types and effect of social environment on temperament and behavior.RESULTS: ① Distribution of temperamental types was divided into easy nurture, difficult nurture, nearly easy nurture, nearly difficult nurture and slow development, and the percentage was 35.58%, 4.21%, 39.70%, 7.37%and 13.14%. ② Total ratio of psychological problems was 94.50%, and ratios of children in various temperamental types were 98.91%, 97.26%,96.19%, 94.05% and 93.13% (P ＜ 0.01). ③ Total ratio of behavior problems was 19.57%, and ratios of children in various temperamental types were 31.76%, 26.69%, 22.58%, 21.33% and 12.72% (P ＜ 0.01). Temperamental types and behavior problems were related to living condition, educational level of parents, marriage, supervised attitude, paternity, pregnant nutrien, illness and infirmarian, especially temperament was closely related with psychological and behavior problems.CONCLUSION: Psychological and behavior problems wildly exist among children in Guiyang and should be paid much attention. Fine personality of children can be molded through reforming relevant factors so as to decrease the incidence of psychological and behavior problems.